水工建筑物有压进水口吸气漩涡对建筑物和水力机械有一定的破坏作用。探讨漩涡尤其是吸气漩涡的产生机理,揭示其运动的规律,寻求控制漩涡危害的有效措施,对工程具有实际意义。以往对进水口漩涡特性与影响因素研究主要集中在单道单管引水,关于双进水口或多进水口的漩涡特性的研究较少。选取双有压进水口淹没出流,针对不同淹没水深,通过改变进水口体型及布置型式,观测水面流场及漩涡特性。研究发现随着相对淹没水深的增加,吸气漩涡持续时间、频率及强度均降低;不同淹没水深情况下,立轴漩涡的直径及强度随着淹没水深的不断增加呈现先变大后减小的变化过程;适当增大进水口间距能够改变漩涡类型,降低吸气漩涡持续时间及其出现的频率。

The intake vortices of pressure inlets have destructive effect on hydraulic machinery and buildings. It is of practical significance to discuss the generation mechanism of vortex, especially of intake vortex, to reveal the law of movement, and to seek effective measures to control the damage of vortex. Studies on the inlet vortices properties and influencing factors mainly focused on single-channel and single inlet water rather than vortex properties of double inlets or multiple inlets. Submerged outflow of dual-pressure inlet is adopted to observe water flow field and vortex properties by changing the shape and arrangement of the inlet under different submergence depths. Results show that the duration time, frequency and intensity of intake vortex decrease with the increasing of relative submergence depth. In different submerged water depths, the diameter and intensity of vertical vortex show a process of increasing first and then decreasing as the submergence depth increases. Increasing the distance between the inlets appropriately could change the vortex type and reduce the duration and frequency of the intake vortex.

The current article presents the definitive lights shed onto the solution of vortex and turbulence through the in-depth analyses of the thermally-coupled fluid-mechanics big data generated at the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Fudan University and the applications of the state-of-the-art (third-generation) vortex identification (VI) technologies developed through closely collaborating with Prof. Liu's group at University of Texas at Arlington,Prof. Cai's group at Shanghai University of Technology and the editorial board of International Journal of Hydrodynamics. The research achievements demonstrated in the article include: (1) the vortex kinematics and dynamics in the wake transition turbulence based on the third-generation VI of Liutex; (2) the establishment of unified fluid and thermal analytical wall-law for Type-A and Type-B turbulence boundary layers (TBL); (3) re-understanding the Kolmogorov K41 -5/3 inertial-law based on the new VI method; (4) reconstructing the turbulence-closure model based on turbulence statistical data and re-practicing the modern Reynolds-averaging Navier-Stokes (RANS) computation. All these accomplishments clearly point out the technical roadmap towards the solutions of the 21st century grand challenges in fluid mechanics, namely vortex and turbulence, through establishing and utilizing the thermal wall-bounded turbulence big data. The progresses of research in this aspect are expected to not only significantly push the knowledge front of modern fluid mechanics, but also importantly benefit a broad range of other related scientific and engineering communities, such as the aerospace, hydraulics, power and chemical engineering etc..

以车马碧水库工程泄洪放空隧洞进水口的设计过程为例，研究了低水头情况下有压竖式进水口布置的可行性，对多组不同体型的进水口及消涡设施组合进行了模型试验验证。通过建立合理的试验模型，分析各方案竖式进水口的流态、泄流能力及沿程压力分布，最终得到既能有效控制进水口立轴旋涡、流态稳定、节省工程投资又易于施工的结构布置方案。研究过程可为其他工程低水头有压竖式进水口的体型设计、消涡设施设计提供思路和参考。

Taking the design process of the inlet of the flood-discharging tunnel of the Chemabi Reservoir Project as an example, this paper studies the feasibility of the arrangement of the pressure vertical inlet in the case of low head, and analyses the model test and verification of the inlet and vortex of multiple sets of different body types. By establishing a reasonable test model, the flow state, discharge capacity and pressure distribution along the vertical inlet of each scheme are analyzed. Thus, a structural arrangement scheme can be obtained which can effectively control the vertical vortex of the water inlet, the flow stability with lower engineering costs and easier construction process. The research process can serves as a reference for the design of the body type and the vortex-reducing device for the low-headed pressure vertical inlet of other projects.