泥沙问题是影响三峡工程调度运行和寿命的关键因素之一,在工程论证、规划、设计、施工和运行过程中,利用多种研究手段对三峡工程泥沙问题进行了广泛深入的研究,取得了重要研究成果。采用三峡水库蓄水以来的实测资料进行分析,检验以往泥沙研究成果的合理性与可靠性。分析结果表明:三峡工程经10 a的运行,泥沙问题基本态势良好,局部问题经认真应对,处于已控或可控之中。但随着时间的推移,这些泥沙问题有可能积累、发展和转化,仍应继续高度重视。针对三峡工程运行后长江中下游江湖关系的变化进行了分析,指出:三峡工程运行后坝下游河道产生强烈的、大范围的冲刷;洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的湖口水位下降,对2湖分流分沙等产生了一定的影响;出现了枯水期2湖水资源供需矛盾尖锐等问题;通过洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的湖口建闸等措施对解决所存在的问题是有效和可行的。
Abstract
Sediment problem is one of the key factors which affect the dispatching operation and life of the Three Gorges Project (TGP). Many approaches were employed to research the sediment problems of the TGP during its demonstration, planning, design, construction and operation, and many important results were obtained. It was confirmed that the previous sediment research results are reasonable and reliable by analyzing the field data of the actual testing operation of TGP. The 10-year operation of TGP shows that the basic situation of sediment problems is good, and the local problems were or are in control through proper treatment. However, these sediment problems can probably accumulate, develop and transform with time, so they should be paid continuous attention. The influence of the TGP operation on the relationship between rivers and lakes was also analyzed in this paper. It was pointed out that intense and large-scale erosion happens in the downstream channel of the dam since TGP operation, and the water levels at the outlets of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have decreased, which has some influence on the water and sediment diversions and results in sharp contradiction of water resource supply and demand in dry season for both lakes. It is effective and feasible to solve the existing problems through constructing sluices and other measures in the Dongting Lake and the Poyang Lake.
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基金
国家十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAB04B02)
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