According to the Bulletin of Water Resources in the Changjiang River Basin in recent two decades，we analyze the changes of water resources amount，water consumption amount，water utilization structure，water consumption indicators，wastewater emission amount and water quality of rivers and lakes in the Changjiang River basin and its secondary regions． We put forward that the key to water resource management in future is water pollution control and water resources protection． The analysis reveals that water resources amount of the Changjiang River Basin changed slightly，and the growth of water consumption slowed down apparently and has tended to be stable since 2007; agricultural water consumption remained stable，while industrial water and domestic water consumption increased; water consumption per 10 000 yuan GDP and per 10 000 yuan industrial value added decreased obviously，indicating that water use efficiency has improved． However，water pollution control remains a daunting task and we still have a long way to go as wastewater emission continues to increase and water quality improvement of rivers and lakes remains unapparent．Therefore，with the support of green development of Changjiang River Economic Zone，we recommend to pay more attention on the control and treatment of non-point source pollution，and in the meantime strengthen point source pollution control．