针对目前我国农村黑臭水体治理过程中缺乏统一可推广治理效果评估体系的问题,构建了以层次分析法和结构熵权法相结合的农村黑臭水体治理效果评估指标体系,确定了水质检测、控源截污、内源治理、生态修复及项目管理5个评估主题,并通过构建指标库的方式以灵活应对不同类型黑臭水体特征造成的差异性。将其应用于湖北省已完成整治且能代表生活污染、畜禽污染、种植业污染和生产企业污染4种农村主要污染类型的农村黑臭水体各2个进行评估,评价结果较直观地反映了各水体整治项目工程治理情况。结果表明:2个水体评价等级为治理效果显著、6个为治理有效,说明目前湖北省农村黑臭水体试点治理取得较大成效。该评价体系对于不同类型的农村黑臭水体整治效果评估具有一定可行性。

Addressing the current lack of a unified and scalable system for assessing the effectiveness of rural black and odorous water treatments in China, we developed an evaluation framework using hierarchical analysis and structural entropy weight method. This framework incorporates five key evaluation themes: water quality assessment, source control, endogenous treatment, ecological restoration, and project management. Embedded in this approach is an adaptable index library, designed to accommodate the variability stemming from the diverse nature of black and odorous water bodies. This evaluation framework is empirically applied to eight distinct rural black and odorous water bodies in Hubei Province, representing four major classes of rural pollution: residential pollution, livestock and poultry pollution, plantation pollution, and industrial pollution. These sites have all undergone remediation processes. Results exhibit significantly effective treatment for two water bodies and effective treatment for a further six. These findings provide a testament to the practicality of the proposed evaluation system for assessing the effectiveness of remediation strategies across a range of rural black and odorous water bodies.