长江科学院院报 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 143-150.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210057

• 长江技术经济学会2020年学术年会暨长江治理与保护科技创新高端论坛专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江流域水体微塑料污染现状及防控措施

李天翠1, 黄小龙1, 吴辰熙2, 郭文思1   

  1. 1.生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局 生态环境监测与科学研究中心,武汉 430010;
    2.中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-21 修回日期:2021-03-08 出版日期:2021-06-01 发布日期:2021-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 郭文思(1984-),男,河南获嘉人,工程师,硕士,主要从事水生态环境监测与研究方面的工作。E-mail:guowensi@cjjg.mee.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:李天翠(1989-),女,湖北十堰人,工程师,博士,研究方向为水环境治理与水体生态修复。E-mail: litiancui@cjjg.mee.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    长江生态环境监测网络与技术体系建设项目(2019-LHYJ-01-0301)

Microplastic Pollution in the Yangtze River Basin: Status Quo and Control Measures

LI Tian-cui1, HUANG Xiao-long1, WU Chen-xi2, GUO Wen-si1   

  1. 1. Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Ecology and Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau of the Yangter River, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China;
    2. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received:2021-01-21 Revised:2021-03-08 Published:2021-06-01 Online:2021-06-10

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摘要： 微塑料污染在全球范围内受到广泛关注。综述了长江流域水体中微塑料污染的已有报道,分析了长江流域水体微塑料的空间分布和污染特征,探讨了长江流域微塑料污染的危害,并提出了相应的防控措施。结果表明:长江水体微塑料污染具有较高的空间异质性,表层水微塑料丰度在几十到几万 个/m3之间,沉积物中丰度在几十到几千个/kg之间;与国内外其他流域相比,长江流域水体微塑料污染处于中等偏低的水平,湖泊和水库的微塑料丰度普遍高于河流型水体;长江流域水体微塑料以聚酯类、聚乙烯和聚丙烯为主,形态多为纤维状、碎片和薄膜状;长江流域从上游至下游水体微塑料丰度逐渐升高,且多数水体微塑料丰度呈沿岸高、中心低的分布特征。控制长江流域水体微塑料污染,需完善相关法律法规、提高污水处理能力和塑料废物的管理处置能力。

关键词: 微塑料污染, 丰度, 表层水, 沉积物, 防控措施, 长江流域

Abstract: Microplastic pollution has attracted worldwide attention. The previous reports of microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River basin are summarized, and the spatial distribution and pollution characteristics are analyzed. Moreover, the adverse impacts of microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River basin are discussed, and corresponding prevention and control measures are put forward. Microplastics pollution in the Yangtze River is highly heterogeneous in spatial scale, with the abundance of microplastics in surface water ranging from tens to tens of thousands of ind/m3 and tens to tens of thousands of ind/kg in sediments. Compared with other basins in China and abroad, the Yangtze River Basin is subjected to a medium and low pollution level of microplastics, and the abundance of microplastics in lakes and reservoirs is generally higher than that in rivers. In addition, microplastics in water are mainly polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene, and fibers, fragments and films are dominant shapes. In the Yangtze River basin, the abundance of microplastics increased gradually from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, and from bank to ashore. To control microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River basin, laws and regulations need to be improved, sewage treatment capacity and management and disposal of plastic waste should be enhanced.

Key words: microplastics pollution, abundance, surface water, sediments, control measures, Yangtze River basin

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