2022年长江发生夏秋连旱,特别是鄱阳湖等中下游地区,出现重旱及罕见水文干旱现象,对农业生产和生态环境产生影响,引起社会广泛关注。分别从长江流域及鄱阳湖流域1998—2021年连续24 a数据分析水资源总量变化情况,并从近10 a来长江及鄱阳湖用水情况分析近年来用水变化。然后,根据水利工程建设情况,分析了长江及鄱阳湖抗旱能力变化及存在的问题。最后,提出应对长江严重干旱综合对策。研究表明:长江流域水资源总量年际虽然有一定变幅,但总量基本保持稳定,鄱阳湖流域水资源量年际变幅更大,但没有出现趋势的变化。无论是长江,还是鄱阳湖,近年来河道外用水基本稳定,生态环境等河道内用水需求增加。应对严重干旱最佳措施是在不断完善水利工程及水网建设基础上,重点要放在严格的水资源管理和水利工程群优化调度和制度完善等非工程措施上。

Continuous drought in the summer and autumn of 2022 in the Changjiang River Basin received widespread social concern. Particularly, the severe drought and rarely seen hydrological drought in the middle and lower reaches and the Poyang Lake have caused an impact on agricultural production and ecological environment. This paper first presents the change of total water resources amount in the Changjiang River Basin and the Poyang Lake Basin in 1998-2021, and depicts the change of water use in the two basins over the past decade. In line with the construction of water conservancy projects, the author probes into the changes and problems of drought resistance capacity of the two basins. Comprehensive countermeasures against severe drought are put forward. The research elucidates that the total amount of water resources in the Changjiang River Basin remains stable despite some interannual changes. The Poyang Lake Basin sees a more drastic interannual change but the trend also remains unchanged. Both the Changjiang River Basin and the Poyang Lake Basin maintain a stable water use outside the river channel whereas an increased demand inside river channel for eco-environmental water use. The best measures to deal with severe drought is to highlight such non-engineering measures as stringent water resources management and optimized regulation of water conservancy project groups on the premise of continuous improvement of water conservancy projects and water network construction.