河流、湖泊、水库等内陆水体水温对水生生物的生长及周边生态环境具有重要意义,发展水温原型观测是进行理论研究和工程应用的基础。现有内陆水体表层水温测量,主要依靠温度计人工目视观测或水文测站仪器自动观测,2种方法在面对高频次或无固定测站水域观测时,存在仪器设备运行维护困难、监测数据不连续诸多限制。为提高水温测量的稳定可靠性,并减少水位波动对自动观测的不利影响,实验设计了新型红外水温观测系统,并对其进行比测验证及数值修正。原型观测结果显示,修正后的红外水温监测数值超过85%的相对误差≤5%,80%以上绝对温差≤1 ℃,红外水温系统性能稳定,可靠度高,可用于内陆水体表层水温观测。
Abstract
The water temperature of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other inland water bodies plays a crucial role in the growth of aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecological environment. The development of a water temperature observation system serves as the basis for theoretical research and engineering applications. Current surface water temperature measurement in inland waters mainly relies on manual visual observation using thermometers or automatic observation with hydrological station instruments. However, these methods have limitations such as equipment operation and maintenance difficulties, as well as discontinuous monitoring data when applied in high-frequency or non-fixed hydrological observations. To improve the stability and reliability of water temperature measurement and reduce the adverse effect of water level fluctuation on automatic observation, this paper presents the design and implementation of a novel infrared water temperature observation system. A comprehensive series of comparison tests and numerical corrections were conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results of prototype observation demonstrate that over 85% of the relative errors of the corrected infrared water temperature are below 5%, and more than 80% of the absolute temperature differences are less than 1 ℃. In conclusion, the infrared water temperature measurement system demonstrates stable performance and high reliability. It proves to be an effective method for observing the surface water temperature of inland water bodies.
关键词
表层水温监测 /
红外辐射 /
对比测试 /
准确性评价 /
内陆水体
Key words
surface water temperature measurements /
infrared radiation /
comparative test /
accuracy evaluation /
inland water
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32060831);华能澜沧江水电股份公司科研项目(NZDDC2018/D01,HY2020/S9);云南省万人计划项目(QNBJ2018166)
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