Abstract: To make full use of BP neural network model and statistical regression model of dam, through illustrations a comparison between them is made in three aspects, i.e. from model principle, model formation and their application respectively. Especially in the application of model, the paper emphatically analyses the influences of factor correlation, data time-interval, and different combinations of independent factors on these two kinds of models. The results show that the BP neural network model is an excellent one in prediction monitoring data of dam, while the statistical regression model is suitable for analyzing and explaining the obtained monitoring data.