坡耕地是土壤侵蚀发生的主要策源地,有效控制坡耕地的土壤侵蚀才能控制面源污染,促进土壤结构的优化。分析了应用水土流失防治新材料W-OH固化剂后,土壤的抗蚀效果及对大豆和玉米2种农作物植株高度、净光合速率和气孔导度的影响。结果表明:大豆和玉米对W-OH的响应存在差异,且同种作物的生长在不同浓度W-OH溶液处理下也存在差异。总体表现为:喷施W-OH溶液后土壤的抗蚀能力增强,低浓度W-OH溶液处理下作物生长较好,高浓度处理下的作物生长受抑制或死亡。因此,在W-OH的应用过程中应结合具体作物设计合理的喷施浓度。研究成果将为后续新材料在坡耕地水土流失防治中的应用提供参考依据。

Slope farmland is the main source of soil erosion. Non-point source pollution will be reduced and soil structure will be improved if soil erosion of slope farmland is controlled effectively. In this study, the performance of soil against erosion and the growth indexes of soybean and maize (plant height, maximum net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance) under different W-OH concentrations were investigated. Results showed that the response to W-OH solution treatment was different between soybean and maize; soybean and maize growth varied depending on the concentration of W-OH. In general, W-OH solution treatment enhances the resistance of soil against erosion. In the presence of low W-OH concentration, soybean and maize grew better; while in high W-OH concentration, the growth of soybean and maize were inhibited or they even died. Therefore, reasonable concentration should be designed when W-OH solution is applied to slope farmland. The research finding will provide reference for the follow-up application of new materials to water and soil erosion prevention.

为阐明人工植被与土壤空间异质性的关系，运用经典统计学和地统计学方法对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）和串叶松香草（Silpnium perfoliatum）人工草地土壤水分进行0.2 m×0.2 m，0.4 m×0.4 m和0.6 m×0.6 m不同采样粒度测定分析。结果表明：在不同采样粒度下3种人工草地土壤水分变异系数雨前均大于雨后，呈中等变异，雨后均为弱变异，且干旱时土壤水分空间变异性具有显著尺度效应（P75%），空间自相关距离为0.920~1.130 m；高羊茅人工草地随采样粒度加大表现为从中等到强空间异质性，自相关距离为1.330~4.098 m；串叶松香草人工草地在粒度0.4 m×0.4 m和0.6 m×0.6 m下拟合为球状模型，中等空间异质性，自相关距离为3.010~5.009 m；雨后3种人工草地基本表现为纯金块效应（Nugget）。说明土壤干旱时，各采样粒度下的紫花苜蓿、高羊茅和串叶松香草人工草地的土壤水分空间异质性主要由植物个体及种群特征差异影响，而雨后3种人工草地土壤水分空间异质性由于受土壤含水量升高的作用，表现为纯金块效应，呈完全随机分布。

In order to understand the relationship between artificial vegetation and the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, three artificial grassland types (<i>Medicago sativa, Festuca arundinacea,Silpnium perfoliatum</i>) were investigated using the methods of classic statistics and geostatistics with different grain sizes (0.2 m&#215;0.2 m, 0.4 m&#215;0.4 m and 0.6 m&#215;0.6 m) in both arid period and raining period. The results of classic statistics showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of soil moisture was moderate and higher in arid period than that in raining period. Geostatistics results showed that the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture in <i>Medicago sativa</i> grassland had a strong spatial dependency (>75%) and the range A₀was 0.920~1.130 meter in the sampling grain sizes of 0.2 m&#215;0.2 m and 0.4 m&#215;0.4 m. The spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture in Festuca arundinacea grassland increased with the increase of sampling size, and the range A₀was 1.33~5.009 meter. And the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture in <i>Silpnium perfoliatum</i> grassland had a moderate dependency and the range A₀was 3.010~5.009 meter in the sampling grain sizes of 0.4 m&#215;0.4 m and 0.6 m&#215;0.6 m. These results demonstrated that the spatial heterogeneities of tested grasslands had nugget effects and no spatial dependency due to the increase of soil water content in raining period.