Composed of complex materials, solid waste is strongly variable in spatial and temporal scales. Obtaining the bearing capacity accurately and deformation characteristic of solid waste is of pivotal significance for the subsequent large-scale filling of earthwork for mountain landscaping and safe operation. However, accurately determining the bearing capacity and deformation characteristic of refuse soil is quite challenging. Large-size plate loading test becomes a good choice. We examined the engineering properties of solid waste soil layers in a garbage dump in Wuhan via large-scale plate load test with the loading plate size of 4 m×4 m. By monitoring and analyzing the changes in settlements below plate, soil subsidence in the peripheral of plate, layered settlements below plate, as well as deep horizontal displacement in the peripheral of plate, we obtained the ultimate bearing capacity and overall deformation characteristics of the solid waste. Test results revealed large deformation of the solid waste layer under the action of load, with an effect reaching 10 meters in depth, which is manifested as the punching and shear failure mode. The test results provide suggestions for the implementation of similar landfill reconstruction projects, and also reference for renovation projects of waste landfill in future.