In order to ensure the safe operation, we carried out quality inspection and analysis on the aqueduct structure of Wangchuan River diversion project. Parameters of the aqueduct inclusive of appearance defects, concrete strength, concrete carbonization depth, and corrosion of steel reinforcement were obtained through the quality inspection. On this basis, an ANSYS finite element model was established and the internal forces of control sections of the aqueduct were analyzed. By comparing the model results with the ultimate bearing capacity of aqueduct, we conclude that the bearing capacity of aqueduct body was insufficient, and the structure needs to be reinforced.