Abstract: Cavitation damage often occurs in outlet structure under the action of high-velocity flow. Measures of aeration and cavitation mitigation are often taken in engineering to protect hydraulic structures. The availability and importance of different layout types of water flow aerators in outlet structures with high water head and large discharge were summarized. Their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, the structure, principle and engineering application of aeration measures in different layout types were reviewed. And the optimal selection of layout types of aerators under different hydraulic conditions was also summarized.

Key words: outlet structure, aeration and cavitation mitigation, high-velocity flow, layout, hydraulic condition