根据生态系统基本概念及理论,讨论河流生态系统的时空尺度及栖息地、水文过程与物质通量、水生生物及人类活动影响等特征;通过长江科学考察和已有研究成果之间的对比,分析长江生态系统中的环境特征及人类活动影响机制。研究结果表明:长江水系由于跨越区域大,人类活动影响程度不同,存在自然、半自然及受人类影响强烈的河段;总体水量和水质可以满足人类经济社会发展需要;由于栖息地和水文过程变化剧烈,珍稀和特有物种生存环境堪忧,需要特别重视流域整体生态系统的保护和管理。
Abstract
According to the basic theory and concept of ecosystem, the features of river ecosystem inclusive of spatial and temporal scales and habitats, hydrological processes and material fluxes, aquatic life and human activity impacts are discussed in this paper. Moreover, the environmental features and the mechanism of human activity impact in the Yangtze River ecosystem are also analysed through comparing the results of Yangtze scientific investigation with existing research findings. Research results suggest that since the Yangtze River stretches a huge area with different degrees of human activity impact, there are natural, semi-natural and human-influenced river segments. The overall quantity and quality of water meet the needs of economic and social development. However, rare and endemic species are in danger due to rapid changes of habitats and hydrological processes. More attentions should be paid to the protection and management of the ecosystem in the basin.
关键词
长江 /
生态系统 /
连续性 /
珍稀特有物种 /
栖息地 /
人类活动影响
Key words
Yangtze River /
ecosystem /
continuity /
rare and endemic species /
habitat /
human activity impact
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基金
“湖北省高端人才引领培养计划第一层次人选”计划资助项目(2013-2017);水利部行业专项(201401020)
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