长江是中华民族的母亲河,推动建立长江流域横向生态保护补偿机制,对于理顺流域生态保护地区与受益地区的利益关系,促进流域高水平生态保护和高质量发展具有重大意义。以长江干流为对象,提出了基于水质水量的长江干流跨省横向生态补偿框架,探讨了横向生态补偿的补偿要素、补偿标准、补偿资金分摊、监测考核指标和保障体系,并采用2018年数据初步开展了长江干流跨省横向生态补偿案例研究。研究结果表明长江干流横向生态补偿的主要出资省(自治区、市)为江苏、上海、安徽,获得补偿的省(自治区、市)为四川、青海、云南、西藏、江西,体现了长江干流下游受益省份对上游保护省份的补偿关系。研究认为长江干流应建立一个全流域层面多省份同时参与的横向生态补偿机制,初期可以水质水量为补偿要素,未来可逐步拓展补偿要素范围,提高补偿考核标准,完善生态补偿保障体系。

The Yangtze River, known as the mother river of the Chinese nation, plays a crucial role in establishing a trans-provincial ecological compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin. This mechanism holds great significance in harmonizing the interests between the ecological protection areas and the beneficiary regions, thereby fostering high-level ecological conservation and promoting sustainable development within the basin. Focusing on the mainstream of the Yangtze River, we propose a conceptual framework for trans-provincial ecological compensation based on water quality and quantity. We delve into the essential components, compensation standards, fund allocation, monitoring and assessment indicators, as well as the safeguarding system of trans-provincial ecological compensation. Furthermore, we conduct a case study to illustrate the application of trans-provincial ecological compensation in the main stream of the Yangtze River using the 2018 data. The findings reveal that the primary contributing provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) to the trans-provincial ecological compensation in the main stream of the Yangtze River are Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Anhui, while the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) receiving the compensation include Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Tibet, and Jiangxi. These results demonstrate the compensation relationship between downstream provinces, benefiting from the protective measures taken by upstream provinces in the Yangtze River main stream. We suggest that a comprehensive trans-provincial ecological compensation mechanism should be established at the basin-wide level, involving the simultaneous participation of multiple provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). Initially, water quality and quantity can be considered as fundamental compensation factors, and over time, the range of compensation factors can be gradually expanded, alongside the enhancement of compensation evaluation standards and the refinement of the ecological compensation safeguarding system.