沉水植物的大规模生长会给河道、湖泊和水库发挥水利功能带来严重危害,伊乐藻便是其中一种在全球广泛传播,并给世界多国带来经济和生态等多种不利影响的沉水植物。2017年和2019年丹江口—王甫洲区间河道爆发伊乐藻“草灾”,严重影响了王甫洲水电站的发电、航运、供水等功能发挥,并对泄洪以及区域水质和水生态安全造成威胁。调查分析了伊乐藻生长时空特征、灾害原因及其影响,基于国内外沉水植物治理措施,结合丹江口—王甫洲区间河道伊乐藻生长特性以及水生态环境保护等方面的要求,提出了生态调度和局部地形改造的物理治理方法,塑造不适宜伊乐藻生长的地形和水动力环境,从而在根本上抑制伊乐藻的生长繁殖,破解伊乐藻“草灾”难题。
Abstract
The massive growth of submerged plants can cause serious harm to the water conservancy functions of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. One such plant is Elodea nuttallii, which is widely spread around the world and has adverse economic and ecological effects on many countries. In 2017 and 2019, Elodea nuttallii caused a disaster in the Danjiangkou-Wangfuzhou riverway in the middle and lower Hanjiang River, severely affecting the power generation, shipping, and water supply of the Wangfuzhou hydropower station. It also posed a threat to flood discharge, regional water quality, and water ecological security. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of Elodea nuttallii growth and analyzed the cause of the disaster and its impact. In line with the requirements of water eco-environmental protection and the growth characteristics of Elodea nuttallii in the Danjiangkou-Wangfuzhou reach, we proposed two physical control methods based on control measures for submerged plants worldwide. The proposed methods involve ecological scheduling and local terrain modification to create an unsuitable terrain and hydrodynamic environment for Elodea nuttallii, thereby fundamentally inhibiting its growth and reproduction.
关键词
伊乐藻 /
草灾 /
治理措施 /
生态调度 /
局部地形改造 /
水动力环境 /
汉江中下游 /
水生态环境保护
Key words
Elodea nuttallii /
disaster /
control measures /
ecological scheduling /
local terrain modification /
hydrodynamic environment /
middle and lower Hanjiang River /
eco-environmental protection
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