为了研究环境变化对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区河段干流水文过程的影响,运用双累积曲线法和数理统计方法对向家坝水文站和朱沱水文站长时间实测水沙数据进行分析。结果表明:①保护区河段干流年径流量无明显下降趋势,年输沙量则呈明显减少趋势;②径流量和输沙量相关性在1998年和2012年出现明显突变,在突变点为分界点的3个时段(建站至1997年、1999—2011年、2013年以后),向家坝站水沙拟合系数R2分别为0.999、0.996、0.989 5,朱沱站水沙拟合系数R2分别为0.999 6、0.995 6、0.983 6;③在鱼类产卵期3—7月份以及11—12月份,流量均值及峰值明显改变,以3月份为例,以突变点为分界点的3个时段对比分析显示,向家坝站日平均流量分别增加了34.3%、58.5%,朱沱站日均流量分别增加了16.1%、21.1%,此外,蓄水运用后多数月份日均流量变化幅度明显大于水库建设过程中。研究成果可为长江上游河道生境修复及梯级水库生态调度提供理论依据。
Abstract
The impacts of environmental changes on hydrologic processes in the mainstream of national nature reserve for rare and endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are analyzed based on long series of measured water and sediment data at Xiangjiaba and Zhutuo hydrologic stations by double cumulative curve method and mathematical statistics method. Results suggest that annual runoff of the mainstream in the protected area saw no obvious downcut, but annual sediment discharge slipped sharply. The correlation between runoff and sediment discharge changed abruptly in 1998 and 2012; in the three time periods divided by the abrupt changes, the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.999, 0.996 and 0.989 5 for Xiangjiaba station respectively and 0.999 6, 0.995 6 and 0.983 6 for Zhutuo station respectively. In fish spawning period from March to July and from November to December, the mean value and peak value of flow in the study area changed significantly. Take March for example, the average daily flow in the aforementioned three time periods at Xiangjiaba station increased by 34.3% and 58.5% respectively, and 16.1% and 21.1% respectively at Zhutuo station. In addition, the changes average daily of flow in most months after impoundment are more extensive than those during reservoir construction. The research findings offer theoretical basis for river habitat restoration and ecological dispatch of cascade reservoirs.
关键词
水沙演变 /
梯级水库 /
国家级自然保护区 /
产卵期 /
河道生境修复 /
生态调度 /
长江上游
Key words
water and sediment process /
cascade reservoirs /
national nature reserve /
spawning period /
habitat restoration /
ecological scheduling /
upper reaches of Yangtze River
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51809013);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0212201,2016YFC0502201)
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