长江科学院院报 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 41-46.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200640

• 水环境与水生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

洪湖沉积物碳氮磷分布特征及污染评价

潘雄1,2, 顾文俊3, 李欢1,2, 胡园1,2, 张为1,2, 林莉1,2   

  1. 1.长江科学院 流域水环境研究所,武汉 430010;
    2.长江科学院 流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430010;
    3.荆州市生态环境局,湖北 荆州 434000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-01 修回日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-08-01 发布日期:2021-08-06
  • 通讯作者: 林 莉(1983-),女,湖北咸宁人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事流域水环境治理与水资源保护研究。E-mail: linli1229@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:潘 雄(1989-),男,湖北洪湖人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事水环境污染修复治理研究。E-mail:panxiong@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CKSF2019380/SH, CKSF2017062/SH);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究(第一期)课题(2019-LHYJ-01-0209)

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Sediments of Honghu Lake: Spatial Distribution and Pollution Evaluation

PAN Xiong1,2, GU Wen-jun3, LI Huan1,2, HU Yuan1,2, ZHANG Wei1,2, LIN Li1,2   

  1. 1. Basin Water Environmental Research Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-environmental Science in Hubei Province, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
    3. Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Jingzhou Municipality, Jingzhou 434000, China
  • Received:2020-07-01 Revised:2020-10-19 Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-08-06

摘要: 洪湖是中国第七大淡水湖,富营养化问题日益突出。全面了解洪湖沉积物氮、磷、有机质的含量及分布特征,对掌握其富营养化现状与氮磷污染生态风险具有重要意义。在湖区布设了8个采样点,2019年10月采集50 cm柱状沉积物,分别测定不同深度沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)以及有机质(OM)含量,分析了TN、TP 和OM 含量的空间分布特征及相关性,并运用综合污染指数法评价其对应的污染程度。结果表明:洪湖沉积物TN含量在467.8~8 454.5 mg/kg之间,平均值2 167 mg/kg,为重度污染,其中近一半的采样点表层沉积物TN含量>5 000 mg/kg;TP含量在502.7~1 252.4 mg/kg之间,平均值693.8 mg/kg,除杨柴湖为重度污染外,其他大部分地区为中度污染;有机质含量占比在5.0%~24.9%之间,平均值9.6%,为重度污染。在垂直空间上,TN、TP 和OM 均在沉积物表层垂向深度0~20 cm存在明显的积累,其含量随垂向深度的增加而迅速降低。研究成果可为洪湖富营养化的控制与治理提供科学数据支撑。

关键词: 水环境, 沉积物, 氮, 磷, 有机质, 分布特征, 污染评价, 洪湖

Abstract: Honghu Lake, the seventh largest freshwater lake in China, has been undergoing serious eutrophication in recent years. Investigating into the content and distribution characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in the sediment of Honghu lake is of great significance for acquiring its eutrophication status and ecological risks of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. In the present research, we deployed eight sampling points and collected 50 cm height columnar sediments in October 2019. By measuring the content of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matters (OM) of sediment specimens from different depths, we examined the spatial distribution patterns of TN, TP and OM and their correlations. Furthermore, we evaluated the corresponding pollution status by using comprehensive pollution index. Results manifested that the TN content of Honghu sediments ranged from 467.8-8 454.5 mg/kg, averaging 2 167 mg/kg, indicating heavy pollution. Nearly half of surface sediments presented a TN content over 5 000 mg/kg. TP content ranged from 502.7 to 1 252.4 mg/kg, with an average value of 693.8 mg/kg. Except for Yangchai lake which suffered heavy pollution, most of the areas were subjected to medium TP pollution. The content of organic matters ranged from 5.0% to 24.9%, with an average value of 9.6%, also implying heavy pollution. In vertical scale, TN, TP and OM accumulated significantly in the surface layer of the sediments from 0 to 20 cm, and then declined rapidly with the increase of depth.

Key words: water environment, sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, pollution evaluation, distribution characteristics, Honghu Lake

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