长江科学院院报 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 63-69.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211400

• 水环境与水生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

乌梁素海入湖排水沟水质分析与污染评价

魏学敏1, 温雅琴2, 王志军3, 勾芒芒1   

  1. 1.内蒙古机电职业技术学院 水利与土木建筑工程系,呼和浩特 010070;
    2.呼和浩特市水资源与河湖保护中心,呼和浩特 010020;
    3.内蒙古自治区水土保持工作站,呼和浩特 010020
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-31 修回日期:2022-03-16 出版日期:2023-05-01 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 勾芒芒(1980-),女,内蒙古兴安盟乌兰浩特人,副教授,博士,研究方向为水土资源高效利用。E-mail:913234212@qq.com
  • 作者简介:魏学敏(1987-),女,内蒙古赤峰巴林右旗人,讲师,硕士,研究方向为农业水土工程。E-mail:1041428687@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018LH03026)

Water Quality Analysis and Pollution Evaluation of Drainage Ditches into Wuliangsuhai Lake

WEI Xue-min1, WEN Ya-qin2, WANG Zhi-jun3, GOU Mang-mang1   

  1. 1. Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Construction Engineering,Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics and Electrics,Hohhot 010070,China;
    2. Hohhot Water Resources and River and Lake Protection Center, Hohhot 010020, China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Soil and Water Conservation Workstation, Hohhot 010020, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Revised:2022-03-16 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-22

摘要: 乌梁素海是我国八大淡水湖之一,也是河套灌区的“自然之肾”,承纳着河套灌区90%的农田排水,不可避免地引起了地表水体污染问题。为了解当前乌梁素海入湖排水沟水质状况,以河套灌区入乌梁素海排水沟(总排干、八排干、九排干、十排干)尾口断面为研究对象。通过实地取样和室内测试分析,选取pH值、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)等指标,从空间和季节两个角度出发,分析了2018—2020年短期时间尺度下入湖排水沟水质现状,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法同时结合聚类分析进行了污染评价。结果表明:①乌梁素海入湖排水沟中以COD和TN污染为主,其次为NH3-N和TP;②从各排水沟主要污染指标来看,总排干和八排干中TN污染严重,九排干和十排干中COD污染严重,其次为TN污染;③从各排水沟不同季节污染程度来看,冬、春季污染严重,夏、秋季次之;从全年来看,总排干、十排干为轻污染状态,八排干、九排干为清洁状态;④根据排水沟污染物负荷及聚类分析结果,总排干年均污染负荷占比最大,为81.82%,且影响各排水沟污染负荷的主要因素为有机污染因子COD及富营养化因子TN。因此,应对河套灌区加强农业过程管理,同时注意对冬、春季排水的监测和处理,特别是COD与TN指标。

关键词: 入湖排水沟, 水质指标, 污染评价, 单因子污染指数法, 内梅罗综合污染指数法, 乌梁素海

Abstract: Ulansuhai Nur (Wuliangsuhai Lake) is one of the eight freshwater lakes in China and is also the “natural kidney” of the Hetao irrigation area. Receiving 90% of the farmland drainage in the area, Wuliangsuhai inevitably suffers from surface water pollution problems. To understand the water quality of drainage ditches into the Wuliangsuhai, water samples were collected from the tail sections of drainage ditches including the major drainage canal, the eighth, ninth, and tenth drainage canals in the Hetao irrigation area. Laboratory tests were then conducted to investigate the water quality of drainage ditches into the lake on a short-term time scale (2018-2020) from spatial and seasonal perspectives with pH value, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) as assessment indicators. Pollution was evaluated by using single-factor index method and Nemerow pollution index method combined with cluster analysis. Results demonstrate that: (1) COD and TN were major pollutants in the drainage ditches into the Wuliangsuhai Lake, followed by NH3-N and TP. (2) The major drainage canal and the eighth drainage canal mainly suffered from severe TN pollution, and the ninth and tenth drainage canal COD pollution followed by TN pollution. (3) From a seasonal perspective, pollution was severe in winter and spring, and moderate in summer and autumn. Throughout the year, the major drainage canal and the tenth drainage canal were in a state of slight pollution, while the eighth and ninth drainage canals were clean. (4) According to the pollution load and cluster analysis, the major drainage canal had the highest annual pollution load, accounting for 81.82%. COD and TN were major factors affecting the pollution load. Therefore, management to the agriculture process in the Hetao irrigation area shall be strengthened. In the meantime, the drainage in winter and spring, in particular, COD and TN concentration in the drainage, should be monitored and treated.

Key words: drainage ditch into lake, water quality indicators, pollution assessment, single-factor exponential method, Nemerow pollution index, Wuliangsuhai Lake

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