基于生态环境部颁布的《淡水水生生物水质基准—氨氮》提供的有限离散基准值,对鄱阳湖内6个测站在2018年的氨氮水生生物生态风险(RQ)进行量化评估,进一步讨论了水温和pH值对氨氮水生生物毒性的影响,提出了一种《淡水水生生物水质基准—氨氮》的运用思路,对鄱阳湖地区氨氮的治理提供了数据支撑和经验借鉴。结果表明:氨氮平均浓度最高出现在冬季,平均浓度最低出现在秋季;鄱阳湖夏季的短期水生生物水质基准(SWQC)和长期水生生物水质基准(LWQC)最低,春季的SWQC和LWQC最高;鄱阳湖夏季的长期水生生物生态风险LRQ>1,表明在夏季鄱阳湖的氨氮长期水生生物生态风险超过环境容许值;鄱阳湖夏季存在因水温和pH值的升高导致SWQC和LWQC降低,进而引发水生生物生态风险提高的问题。加强对鄱阳湖的pH值监控和预警应作为水资源管理的重点。
Abstract
In line with the finite discrete benchmark values specified in the China 2020 Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms:Ammonia Nitrogen issued by China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment, we quantitatively assessed the ecological risk (RQ) associated with ammonia nitrogen to aquatic organisms at six key measurement stations within Poyang Lake in 2018. We further elaborated the influences of temperature and pH levels on the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen to aquatic organisms, and advocated for the application of the China 2020 Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms:Ammonia Nitrogen. This offers a much-need empirical reference and quantitative database for effectively managing ammonia nitrogen levels within Poyang Lake. The findings reveal several trends: the most elevated average concentration of ammonia nitrogen arises during the winter months while the lowest happens in the fall; both the short-term water quality benchmarks (SWQC) and long-term water quality benchmark (LWQC) in summer are the least, whereas the spring records the highest. Noting an LRQ>1 in representative summer months for Poyang Lake indicates that the ongoing ecological risk posed by ammonia nitrogen surpasses environmental tolerance levels in that period. Furthermore, raised water temperature and pH levels contribute to a decrease in summer SWQC and LWQC, hence escalating the ecological risk. As such, pH value monitoring and early warning should serve as a prime focus of water resource management strategies for Poyang Lake.
关键词
水环境 /
氨氮 /
水生生物 /
水质基准 /
生态风险 /
鄱阳湖
Key words
water environment /
ammonia nitrogen /
aquatic organism /
water quality criteria /
ecological risk /
Poyang Lake
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