为探讨耕作措施和玉米季对黄壤坡耕地土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,以横坡垄作坡面为研究对象,顺坡垄作坡面为对照,研究野外自然降雨条件下玉米季黄壤坡耕地土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性的变化特征,以期为山地黄壤区土壤抗蚀性研究提供理论依据。结果表明:①不同耕作措施对玉米种植土壤团聚体组成和稳定性影响显著,横坡垄作坡面较顺坡垄作含有更多大粒级团聚体;以(10,0.25]mm水稳性团聚体(WSA>0.25)、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、结构体破坏率(PAD)、水稳性团聚体分形维数(D)、团聚体稳定性系数(ASI)为指标进行分析,得出横坡垄作坡面土壤团聚体稳定性较顺坡垄作坡面好。②随玉米生育期的推进,土壤大粒级团聚体含量及团聚体稳定性均呈现出显著升高的趋势,且在成熟期达极大值,表明玉米生育期也显著影响土壤团聚体组成及稳定性。③相关性分析得出,团聚体稳定性与根系密度、根表面积、根体积呈极显著正相关关系,根系的发育对增强研究区土壤团聚体稳定性具有重要的贡献。适宜的耕作措施和合理的种植模式均有助于研究区水土流失的有效防控。
Abstract
The composition and stability of soil aggregates in sloping yellow soil cropland during the whole maize growing season under natural rainfall conditions were studied in an attempt to reveal the effects of tillage measures and maize growing season on soil aggregates' stability. Cross ridge slope was taken as research object, while longitudinal ridge slope as the control. The study is expected to provide theoretical basis for the study of anti-erodibility of mountain yellow soil in Sichuan Province. Results demonstrated that: 1) The composition and stability of soil aggregate were significantly affected by tillage measures. Compared with that on longitudinal ridge, more soil macro-aggregates were contained on cross ridge slope; the stability of cross ridge slope is better than that of longitudinal ridge slope according to analysis on such indicators as (10,0.25] mm water-stable aggregate (WSA>0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), percentage of aggregate disruption (PAD), fractal dimension (D) of soil water-stable aggregate, and aggregate stability index (ASI). 2) With the advancement of maize growth, the content of soil macro-aggregate and soil aggregate stability both showed a significant increasing trend and reached a maximum value at maturing stage, implying significant influence of maize growing season on soil aggregate's composition and stability. 3) Correlation analysis unveiled that soil aggregate's stability was in extremely significant positive relationships with root density, root surface area and root volume, indicating that root development played an important role on improving soil aggregate's stability. The findings demonstrated that suitable tillage measures and proper planting patterns could effectively prevent and control regional soil erosion.
关键词
黄壤坡耕地 /
团聚体组成 /
团聚体稳定性 /
耕作措施 /
玉米生育期
Key words
sloping yellow soil cropland /
soil aggregate's composition /
soil aggregate's stability /
tillage measures /
maize growing season
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 张丽萍, 朱钟麟, 邓良基. 四川省坡耕地资源及其治理对策[J]. 水土保持通报, 2004, 24(3):47-49.
[2] 彭世琪. 四川省坡耕地的一种聚土改土垄作栽培新形式[J]. 中国水土保持, 1990(9):32-33.
[3] 何 超, 王 磊, 郑粉莉, 等. 垄作方式对薄层黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(5):24-28.
[4] 江仁涛, 李富程, 沈凇涛. 不同年限红柳恢复川西北高寒沙地对土壤团聚体和有机碳的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(1):197-203.
[5] 郑子成, 杨玉梅, 李廷轩. 不同退耕模式下土壤抗蚀性差异及其评价模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(10):199-205.
[6] 曾全超, 李娅芸, 刘 雷, 等. 黄土高原草地植被土壤团聚体特征与可蚀性分析[J]. 草地学报, 2014, 22(4):743-749.
[7] AYOUBI S, MOKHTARI J, MOSADDEGHI M R, et al. Erodibility of Calcareous Soils as Influenced by Land Use and Intrinsic Soil Properties in a Semiarid Region of Central Iran[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2018, 190(4):192.
[8] 杨 帅. 山地黄壤玉米季坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力及侵蚀产沙特征研究[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2017.
[9] 杨 帅, 尹 忠, 郑子成, 等. 四川黄壤区玉米季坡耕地自然降雨及其侵蚀产沙特征分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(4):7-12.
[10]孙家兴, 赵雨森, 辛 颖, 等. 黑土区杨树农田防护林土壤团聚体的稳定性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(3):66-73.
[11]何淑勤, 郑子成, 宫渊波. 不同退耕模式下土壤水稳性团聚体及其有机碳分布特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(5):229-233.
[12]范如芹, 梁爱珍, 杨学明, 等. 耕作方式对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(18):3767-3775.
[13]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1899.
[14]石 辉. 转移矩阵法评价土壤团聚体的稳定性[J]. 水土保持通报, 2006, 26(3):91-95.
[15]蔡一林, 何晓阳. 玉米叶面积分布及估测[J]. 西南农业大学学报, 1994, 16(1):63-65.
[16]郑子成, 李廷轩, 张锡洲, 等. 不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(5):228-231.
[17]王润泽, 谌 芸, 李 铁, 等. 紫色土区植物篱篱前淤积带土壤团聚体稳定性特征研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(2):210-216.
[18]刘晓利, 何园球, 李成亮, 等. 不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J]. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(3):459-465.
[19]黄丹丹, 刘淑霞, 张晓平, 等. 保护性耕作下土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳分布特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(8):1560-1565.
[20]林 艺, 秦 凤, 郑子成, 等. 不同降雨条件下垄作坡面地表微地形及土壤侵蚀变化特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2015, 13(3):32-38.
[21]KASMERCHAK C S, MASON J A, LIANG M Y.Laser Diffraction Analysis of Aggregate Stability and Disintegration in Forest and Grassland Soils of Northern Minnesota, USA[J]. Geoderma, 2019, 338: 430-444.
[22]杨如萍, 郭贤仕, 吕军峰, 等. 不同耕作和种植模式对土壤团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(1): 252-256.
[23]严冬春, 文安邦, 龚长文, 等. 紫色土陡坡耕地顺坡垄作条件下的土壤及其流失特征[J]. 山地学报, 2014, 32(3):314-319.
[24]李 娟, 韩霁昌, 陈 超, 等. 山地丘陵区不同土地利用方式对空心村整治还田土壤团聚体特征的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(4):174-181.
[25]马中浩. 南方红壤区玉米生育期坡地土壤抗侵蚀性特征[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2016.
[26]白录顺, 范茂攀, 王自林, 等. 间作模式下玉米/大豆的根系特征及其与团聚体稳定性的关系[J]. 水土保持研究, 2019, 26(1):124-129.
[27]DEMENOIS J, CARRICONDE F, BONAVENTURE P, et al. Impact of Plant Root Functional Traits and Associated Mycorrhizas on the Aggregate Stability of a Tropical Ferralsol[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 312:6-16.
[28]周晓晨, 李永梅, 王自林, 等. 坡耕地红壤农作物根系与团聚体稳定性的关系[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 37(11):818-824.
[29]WANG Z H, FANG H, CHEN M H.Effects of Root Exudates of Woody Species on the Soil Anti-erodibility in the Rhizosphere in a Karst Region, China[J]. Peer J, 2017, 5: e3029.
[30]DELELEGN Y T, PURAHONG W, BLAZEVIC A, et al. Changes in Land Use Alter Soil Quality and Aggregate Stability in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):1-12.
PDF(1215 KB)
