降雨侵蚀力反映了降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力,是评价区域土壤侵蚀风险的重要指标。基于赣江流域及其周边27个气象站点1986—2015年逐日降雨量资料,利用Mann-Kendall法、累积距平法及Kriging插值法,对赣江流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:赣江流域近30 a降雨侵蚀力的平均值为9 824.55 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),2002年达到最大值13 234.72 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),2003年最小,为6 769.16 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),降雨侵蚀力与降雨量变化过程基本一致,相关系数达到0.965(P<0.01)。赣江流域近30 a降雨侵蚀力总体上表现为不显著的增长趋势,在吉安、井冈山、遂川地区存在一个高值中心,增长趋势明显;赣江流域四季、汛期、非汛期降雨侵蚀力变化趋势均不显著,但高、低值中心不尽相同。研究成果将有助于进一步探讨赣江流域土壤侵蚀的形成以及演替过程、土壤侵蚀危险性评定及制定科学的土壤侵蚀防治措施。
Abstract
Rainfall erosivity is an essential index for soil erosive risk assessment as it reflects the potential of soil erosion driven by rainfall. According to daily rainfall data collected between 1986 and 2015 from 27 rain-gauge stations in the Ganjiang River basin (GRB), we investigated the temporal and spatial variation of rainfall erosivity using Mann-Kendall, accumulative anomaly, and Kriging interpolation. Results showed that average annual rainfall erosivity of the GRB was 9 824.55 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) with the maximum value reaching 13 234.72 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) in 2002 and the minimum value at 6 769.16 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) in 2003. There was a significant linear relationship between rainfall amount and rainfall erosivity, of which the correlation coefficient reached 0.965 (P<0.01). In recent three decades, the annual rainfall erosivity tended to increase insignificantly in majority areas of the GRB, with the high values concentrating in Ji’an, Jinggangshan, and Suichuan, increasing evidently. The trend of rainfall erosivity in seasonal, flood period and non-flood period of the GRB was not significant with their high-value and low-value areas different. The research findings are helpful to further discuss the soil erosion evolution, the assessment of soil erosion risk, and the formulation of reasonable preventive measures in the GRB.
关键词
降雨侵蚀力 /
时空变化 /
Mann-Kendall趋势分析 /
累积距平 /
赣江流域
Key words
rainfall erosivity /
temporal and spatial variation /
Mann-Kendall trend analysis /
accumulative anomaly /
Ganjiang River Basin
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基金
江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ151123);江西水利科技计划项目(KT201717)
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