为科学治理典型红壤区输变电工程堆积体水土流失问题,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,设计了雨强(2、2.5、3 mm/min)和坡度(10°、15°)2个处理方式,研究了红壤堆积体坡面土壤侵蚀过程,分析了雨强、坡度、侵蚀产沙特征以及细沟形态特征参数(密度、割裂度、复杂度和宽深比)之间的关系。结果表明:不同雨强红壤堆积体坡面产流量随降雨历时的增加而增大,入渗率和输沙量随降雨历时的增加呈减小趋势;细沟密度、细沟割裂度、细沟复杂度和细沟宽深比分别为0.77~1.35 m/m2、0.04~0.08、0.93~1.40、1.01~2.39;细沟宽深比随着雨强和坡度的增大而减小,细沟密度、割裂度以及复杂度的变化与之相反。细沟形态特性指标与坡面侵蚀速率之间的相关性排序为:细沟复杂度>细沟割裂度>细沟密度>细沟宽深比。研究成果可为典型红壤区输变电工程水土流失防治提供技术参数和依据。
Abstract
Indoor artificial rainfall experiment was conducted to address the soil and water loss of deposit slopes caused by the construction of power transmission projects in typical red soil region. Three rainfall intensities (2, 2.5 and 3 mm/min) and two slope gradients (10°and 15°) were designed in the experiment. The relationships between rainfall intensity, slope gradient, sediment yield characteristics and rill erosion features (density, fragmentation, tortuosity complexity, and width-depth ratio) were analyzed. Results manifest that under different rainfall intensities, both sediment yield and infiltration rate on the red soil deposit slope decreased with the increasing of rainfall duration, while runoff yield increased with the elongation of rainfall. The density, fragmentation, tortuosity complexity, and width-depth ratio were 0.77-1.35 m/m2, 0.04-0.08, 0.91-1.40, and 1.01-2.39, respectively, among which the width-depth ratio reduced with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope gradient, whereas the former three parameters exhibited the opposite trend. The erosion rate was mostly correlated with the tortuosity complexity of rill, and less correlated with the fragmentation, density, and width-depth ratio of rill in sequence. The research findings provide technical parameters and a basis for preventing soil erosion in red soil areas induced by the construction of power transmission projects.
关键词
细沟侵蚀 /
输变电工程 /
堆积体 /
人工模拟降雨 /
产流产沙
Key words
rill erosion /
power transmission projects /
engineering deposits /
simulated rainfall /
runoff and sediment yield
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基金
国家电网公司总部科技项目(52130421000L)
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