地形因子尺度效应及其对水力侵蚀估算的影响研究进展

卢刚; 王兴连; 艾克拜尔·热合木吐拉; 马惟杨; 王一峰; 孙宝洋; 李力

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230814

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12) : 57-65. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230814

水土保持与生态修复

地形因子尺度效应及其对水力侵蚀估算的影响研究进展

作者信息 +

Scaling Effects of Topographic Factors and Its Influence on Soil Water Erosion Estimation: A Review

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

地形是影响水土流失的重要因素,地形因子是水力侵蚀估算模型的关键参数。区域土壤侵蚀研究中地形因子多基于中低分辨率数字高程模型(DEM)提取,但提取的坡度发生衰减、坡长发生扩张,显著影响水力侵蚀估算。通过总结坡度、坡长尺度效应及其对水力侵蚀估算的影响等方面的研究进展,结果显示,地形因子尺度效应广泛存在于不同侵蚀类型区,但坡度衰减、坡长扩张规律迥异;地形因子尺度效应与区域地形复杂程度相关,并受地形信息空间频率组成、地形因子计算方式和截断方式等因素的共同影响;不同区域坡度、坡长因子对DEM分辨率敏感度不同,其尺度效应对水力侵蚀估算的影响程度也不同。目前在坡度衰减、坡长扩张基本规律方面已有较为丰硕的研究成果,但坡度衰减和坡长扩张机制、坡度和坡长因子尺度效应耦合机理、人为活动引起坡面地形突变对地形因子尺度效应的影响机制、地形因子转换方法的区域适用性和地貌学原理及转换结果的不确定性评价等方面需加强后续研究。

Abstract

Topography significantly affects soil erosion, and topographic factors are key parameters in water erosion models. Topographic factors in existing modelling of regional soil erosion are mostly extracted from medium and low resolution DEMs,resulting in under-estimated slope gradient and over-estimated slope length,significantly affecting water erosion estimations. This study reviews the research progresses in the scaling effects of topographic factors and the associated effects on water erosion estimations. Results showed that the scaling effect of topographic factors widely exists in different terrain type areas,but the laws of slope attenuation and slope length expansion are quite different. These scaling effects are influenced by terrain complexity,spatial frequency of terrain information,calculation methods,and truncation techniques. The sensitivity of slope gradient and slope length factors to digital elevation model(DEM) resolution varies by region,leading to differential impacts on water erosion estimations. While scientists have made considerable achievements in elucidating the fundamental laws of slope gradient attenuation and slope length expansion,several critical areas need to be further explored,including the mechanisms underlying slope gradient attenuation and slope length expansion,the coupling mechanisms of slope gradient and slope length factor scaling effects,the impact of topographic alterations caused by human activities on scaling effects,the regional applicability,geomorphological principles,and the uncertainty analysis of topographic factor transformation models.

导出引用

卢刚, 王兴连, 艾克拜尔·热合木吐拉, 等. 地形因子尺度效应及其对水力侵蚀估算的影响研究进展[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2024, 41(12): 57-65 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230814

LU Gang, WANG Xing-lian, AIKEBAIER·Rehetumula, et al. Scaling Effects of Topographic Factors and Its Influence on Soil Water Erosion Estimation: A Review[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute. 2024, 41(12): 57-65 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230814

中图分类号： S157.1

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摘要

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(TANG

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Digital elevation model (DEM) is known to be one of the most important national fundamental geographic information data. The theory, method and application of digital terrain analysis (DTA) based on GIS is a hot research issue in geography, especially in the field of geographical information science. This paper makes an overall review on Chinese scholars’ contribution to the research of DEM and DTA, especially to DEM data model, uncertainty, analysis method, scaling effect and high performance computing method, as well as its application in DTA. A few research groups in this field have made great progress recently, and young scholars are playing a critical role in the process. Their research has caught up with the international forefront, and achieved fruitful results in significant innovation. Some research, like DEM based regional geomorphological research on the Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau of China highlighted the contribution of Chinese scientists, which have had influence in the international academia to a certain degree.

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刘洪鹄, 龙翼, 严冬春, 等. 不同分辨率 DEM 提取三峡库区地形参数的精度研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2010, 27(11): 21-24.

(LIU

Hong-hu

, LONG

, YAN

Dong-chun

, et al. Accuracy of Topographic Parameters in Three Gorges Reservoir Region from Different Resolutions of DEMs[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2010, 27(11): 21-24.) (in Chinese)

本文引用 [1] 摘要

 Digital elevation model (DEM) can represent the local relief. Topographic parameters from DEMs are the basic input data for the runoff prediction. However, different resolutions of DEMs can be used to represent the local terrain approximately. Different resolutions of DEMs lead to generate multiple scale problems. This paper extracts the topographic parameters from different resolutions of DEMs in Xiaziling small watershed and analyses the effects of DEM resolution on the accuracy of slope and discharge network. The results are listed as follows: (1) The accuracy of slope and discharge network depends on the DEMs resolution. (2) 1-m DEM can represent the local terrain, and then the slope and discharge network obtained from it are very close to the real values. The both parameters obtained from 5  m DEM are relatively close to the real values. However, the other resolutions in DEMs can not reflect the real value. Thus, when the runoff prediction is reguired more accurately, the paper suggests that 1-m and 5-m DEMs could be used as the data source. When making a rough estimate or larger  scale runoff predicition, 10-m,25-m and 50-m DEMs can be used.