Abstract: On the basis of macro-and-micro-mechanical analysis of granular media,the inherent anisotropic strength criterion of sand is established by introducing two physical quantities:the mean projected solid path and the true stress.When the principal direction of stress coincides with or approaches the principal direction of fabric,the strength of sand increases significantly.On this basis,the calculation formula of earth pressure in the stratum with inherent anisotropy is deduced,and the Rankine's earth pressure coefficient is modified.The effects of inherent anisotropy and internal friction angle on earth pressure behind retaining wall are analyzed.The comparison between theoretical prediction results and experimental data shows that the magnitude and direction of inherent anisotropy both affect the earth pressure,and the variation law of earth pressure is different when the direction of anisotropy changes.With the increase of internal friction angle,the strength of active earth pressure under anisotropic or isotropic conditions decreases gradually,which is also true when the direction of inherent anisotropy changes.The earth pressure calculation method established in this paper considers the influence of anisotropy in the stratum,and is convenient for engineering application because of its concise form.

Key words: inherent anisotropy, failure criterion, earth pressure, retaining wall, sand