Scientific and reasonable parameter selection for anchored protection structure of cutting slope is of great significance as it can directly affect the engineering design, and thereby affecting the stability of highway slope. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design is proposed and is applied to the parameter selection of anchoring protection structure. The impact of anchoring support parameters on slope stability factor is studied, and a quantitative relation model between the stability factor and influencing factors is established. The residual distribution of stability factor and the stability coefficient contour and response surface 3-D graph of different operation variables are also given. Meanwhile, the test conditions are optimized and the optimal value of each parameter is obtained. Moreover, the response surface optimization is compared with the computation result of limit equilibrium method, and the optimized slope stability is evaluated. It is concluded that the optimal response surface design is reasonable and reliable. As an applicable method for the study of cutting slope stability, it provides a scientific basis for the design and optimization of cutting slope anchored support parameters.