长江科学院院报 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 27-30.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2015.03.006

• 土壤侵蚀机理 • 上一篇    下一篇

工程开挖面水土流失特征试验研究

张冠华,程冬兵,张平仓,牛俊,张长伟   

  1. 长江科学院 水土保持研究所,武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-09 出版日期:2015-03-01 发布日期:2015-03-06
  • 作者简介:张冠华(1983-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究,(电话)027-82926365(电子信箱)zgh83113@126.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41301298);水利部公益性行业科研专项 (201201048);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(CKSF2014025/TB)

Experimental Study on Soil Erosion Characteristics of Engineering Excavated Slope

ZHANG Guan-hua,CHENG Dong-bing,ZHANG Ping-cang,NIU Jun,ZHANG Chang-wei   

  1. Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2015-01-09 Online:2015-03-01 Published:2015-03-06

摘要:

针对生产建设过程中工程开挖引发严重的水土流失问题,通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了不同开挖坡度(30°,40°,50°)坡面产流、产沙特征。结果表明:坡度、雨强均能对开挖面产流、产沙过程造成重大影响,随着坡度增大,不同雨强(0.65,1.15,1.65 mm/min)下开挖面产流、产沙参数值增大,产流率介于0.47~0.72 mm/min之间,径流系数介于0.39~0.63之间;产沙率介于8.64~49.80 g/(m2·min)之间,径流含沙量介于17.27~77.64 kg/m3之间;但在相同坡度下,随着降雨强度的增大,产流、产沙参数值的变化存在差异。产流率随雨强增大而增大,径流系数的中(1.15 mm/min)、高(1.65 mm/min)雨强无明显差异。坡度30°的开挖面产沙率随雨强的增大而增大,坡度增大时,中、高雨强坡面产沙率接近;50°开挖面产沙率和径流含沙量在3个雨强下呈高—低—高势。试验成果为开挖面水土流失的预测、评价提供数据支撑,同时也为生产建设项目水土流失防治及水土保持监督执法提供科学依据。

关键词: 开挖面, 水土流失, 产流产沙, 雨强, 模拟降雨, 生产建设工程

Abstract:

Engineering excavated slope is the key source of soil and water loss in project construction. In this research, field simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to study the effects of slope gradient (30°, 40°, 50°) and rainfall intensity (0.65, 1.15, and 1.65 mm/min) on runoff and sediment yield characteristics of excavated slope. Results showed that both slope gradient and rainfall intensity have significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. As slope gradient increases, runoff and sediment parameter values increase in the presence of different rainfall intensities, with runoff rate being 0.47-0.72 mm/min, runoff coefficient 0.39-0.63, sediment rate 8.64-49.80 g/(m2·min), and sediment concentration 17.27-77.64 kg/m3. But in the presence of the same slope gradient, runoff rate increases with rainfall intensity increasing, and runoff coefficient has no obvious difference for medium (1.15 mm/min) and high (1.65 mm/min) rainfall intensity. For excavated slope of 30° gradient, the sediment rate increases with rainfall intensity increasing; while the sediment rate under medium and high rainfall intensities is very close when the slope gradient increases. For excavated slope of 50° gradient, the sediment rate and sediment concentration are high, low, and high respectively under the three rainfall intensities.

Key words: excavated slope, soil and water loss, runoff and sediment yield, rainfall intensity, simulated rainfall, construction project

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