对近20年来生产建设项目水土保持方案报告书的编制、审批、专项设施验收,以及有关法律、法规、标准、规范的制定等进行了系统回顾,分析不同阶段存在的问题、特征和发展趋势,为生产建设项目“放管服”(简政放权、公正监管、高效服务)改革提供技术支撑。通过检索期刊数据库和水利部水土保持监测中心官方网站,收集流域机构、政府水行政主管部门以及水土保持方案编制机构相关资料,进行归纳、分析和总结。回顾和分析发现,在相关政策推动下,生产建设项目水土保持方案经历了起步、稳步发展、以及正在实施的“放管服”3个阶段;水土保持方案编审技术基本完善,但水土保持方案编制与验收阶段存在错位,导致验收环节程序比较繁琐。实施生产建设项目水土保持方案20年来,全国累计有30多万个项目编制并实施了水土保持方案,防治水土流失面积超过15万km²,有效减少了水土流失;水土保持工作“放管服”不仅能提高工作效率,而且能较大程度提高建设单位的主体责任意识。

In the aim of providing technical support for the “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service” reform of production and construction projects in China, a systematic review is made on the past two decades of report compilation, examination and approval, and acceptance of water and soil conservation programs, as well as the enactment of related laws and regulations, standards and specifications. Problems, characteristics and development trend in different stages are also analyzed. Relevant data from river basin institutions, water administrative department of the government, and compilation agencies for water and soil conservation program are collected by searching periodical database and the official website of the Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources. Due to related policies, the water and soil conservation program for production and construction projects has experienced early stage, stable development stage and the ongoing stage of “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service”. Despite that the editing techniques of water and soil conservation program had been basically perfected, the acceptance process is still complicated due to the misalign between plan compilation and acceptance. Over the past two decades since the implementation of the water and soil conservation program for production and construction projects, water and soil conservation programs have been compiled and implemented for more than 300,000 projects nationwide, preventing and controlling an area of water and soil loss over 150,000 km², reducing water and soil loss effectively. The “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service” reform to the water and soil conservation work could improve work efficiency, and in the meantime enhance the responsibility awareness of construction organizations.