长江科学院院报 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 31-34.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2015.03.007

• 土壤侵蚀机理 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工降雨和放水冲刷条件下紫色土坡面产流产沙特征分析

王爱娟1,丁文峰2,王万君1   

  1. 1.水利部 水土保持监测中心,北京 100055;
    2.长江科学院 水土保持研究所, 武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-09 出版日期:2015-03-01 发布日期:2015-03-06
  • 作者简介:王爱娟(1981-),女,宁夏银川人,高级工程师,博士,主要研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持,(电话)010-63207096(电子信箱)wang-ai-juan@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41101260,41271303);长江科学院创新团队项目(CKSF2012052/TB);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(CKSF2013013/TB);“十二五”科技支撑计划课题资助项目(2012BAK10B04)

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Purple Soil Slope Surface in the Presence of Artificial Rainfall and Scouring

WANG Ai-juan1,DING Wen-feng2,WANG Wan-jun1   

  1. 1.Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100055, China;
    2.Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
  • Received:2015-01-09 Online:2015-03-01 Published:2015-03-06

摘要:

采用可变坡的3 m×1 m土槽进行人工降雨和放水冲刷试验,在不同坡度(5°~20°)、不同雨强(0.6~2.5 mm/min)和放水流量(1.6~7 m3/s)情况下,对紫色土坡面的产流产沙特征进行了研究。结果表明:放水冲刷试验中径流流速从坡上到坡脚表现出先增加后减小、逐渐增大和逐渐减小3种趋势,而人工降雨试验则恰恰相反,径流流速从坡上到坡脚表现出逐渐增大的趋势;15 min是2种试验方法产流过程稳定的临界时间;人工降雨试验径流含沙量稳定的时间介于5~50 min之间,放水冲刷试验含沙量稳定的临界时间为20 min。试验成果可为后续紫色土侵蚀相关研究提供数据支持。

关键词: 紫色土, 径流流速, 含沙量, 人工降雨, 放水冲刷

Abstract:

Soil tank (3 m×1 m) of variable slope was taken for artificial rainfall and runoff scouring test. The features of runoff and sediment yield on purple soil slope in the presence of different slope gradients (5°~20°), rainfall intensities(0.6~2.5 mm/min), and scouring flow rates(1.6~7 m3/s) were researched. Results indicate that in scouring test, the runoff flow velocity from slope top to slope toe changes in three tendencies: first increases and then reduces, progressively increases, and progressively reduces; whereas for artificial rainfall test, the runoff flow velocity gradually increases from slope top to slope toe. The critical time of runoff getting stable in both tests is 15min; whereas for sediment concentration, the time of getting stable is between 5~50min in artificial rainfall test and 20min in scouring test.

Key words: purple soil, runoff velocity, sediment concentration, artificial rainfall, scouring

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