关键词: 鱼道, 水力特性, 竖缝式, 池堰式, 涵洞式

Abstract:

The research progress of the hydraulic characteristics of vertical slot fishway, pool-weir fishway, culvert fishway, Denil fishway and combination fishway in China and abroad were reviewed. The flow pattern, characteristics of velocity field, relationship between discharge and water depth, turbulence characteristics, and energy dissipation rate of various fishways were compared and analyzed respectively. The linear relationship between dimensionless discharge and relative water depth in vertical slot fishway was summarized, and the formula expressing the relationship between discharge and water depth in pool-weir fishway was listed. It was pointed out that turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity and turbulence structure would have great impact on the hydraulic characteristics of fishways, the habitat selection and the passage of fish. The research hotspot of fishways is expected to be focused on turbulence characteristics and numerical simulations, especially on the study of turbulence structure. In addition, the influence of hydraulic condition within the fishways on fish passage and its improvements will also be one of the research hotspots in the near future.

Key words: fishway, hydraulic characteristics, vertical slot type, pool-weir type, culvert type