关键词: 泄水建筑物, 进口漩涡, 水力特性, 调控技术, 数值模拟, 物理模型, 原型观测

Abstract:

Suction vortices at the inlet of discharge structures often affect the discharge safety of water conservancy projects. Existing research primarily focuses on theoretical analyses and simulation methods for inlet vortices, while studies on the hydraulic response characteristics of vortices under operational disturbances are limited, especially with respect to scheduling control. We performed comparative experimental research through prototype observation, numerical simulations, and physical model experiments to elucidate the mechanisms and key factors influencing vortex formation. We also aim to clarify the hydraulic response of discharge structures under various regulation and operational conditions and to establish the relationship between water flow patterns and flood discharge scheduling methods. Our findings reveal that vortex formation and intensity are significantly affected by factors such as water flow velocity, circulation patterns, flow field boundary conditions, and the relative submergence depth at the gate. These vortices result from the combined effects of river regime, design and layout of flood discharge structures, and flood discharge scheduling practices. By optimizing discharge scheduling and regulation, we can effectively reduce the intensity of harmful vortices and mitigate operational risks associated with discharge structures.

Key words: discharge structure, inlet vortex, hydraulic characteristics, regulation technology, numerical simulation, physical model, prototype observation