依托RNG k-ε模型,对在竖缝式鱼道池室内布置圆柱型障碍物引起的水力特性变化开展了数值模拟研究,主要是不同圆柱布置位置对鱼道池室内流态、流速、紊动能、单位体积消能率等水力特性的影响。结果表明:圆柱布置在距离竖缝中心b0的x=1.5b0,y=3.1b0(定义短隔板上游面与导墙的交点为原点,b0为圆柱直径或竖缝宽度)位置时不能有效减小竖缝区域最大流速,同时还会减小低速回流区面积,可能会降低过鱼效率;圆柱布置在x=2.2b0,y=3.1b0时最大流速较常规池室减小12%,并使流态呈“Ω”形,延长了池室内水流流线,更能满足鱼类洄游的需求;当圆柱向下游移动至x=3.0b0时,圆柱对池室内水力特性的改善效果减弱。圆柱等障碍物的布置可以有效减小紊动能,同时改善紊动能在池室内的分布;圆柱的布置位置对单位体积消能率分布有着极大的影响,不恰当的布置方式反而会使局部单位体积消能率增加,影响鱼类洄游效率。
Abstract
By using the RNG k-ε model, we examined the impact of arranging cylindrical obstacles in the pool chamber of vertical slot fishway on the hydraulic characteristics. We comprehensively analyzed the alterations in flow pattern, flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and volumetric energy dissipation rate (E) in the presence of cylindrical obstacles arranged at different positions. Our findings manifest that the placement of the cylinder at x=1.5b0 and y=3.1b0 (where we designate the intersection between the upstream face of the short baffle and the guide wall as the origin and b0 as the cylinder’s diameter or the vertical slot’s width) does not effectively reduce the maximum velocity in the vertical slot area but decreases the area of low-velocity recirculation, which would possibly reduce fish passing efficiency. When the cylinder is positioned at x=2.2b0 and y=3.1b0, the maximum flow velocity decreases by 12% compared to the conventional layout, creating an “Ω” shaped flow pattern and elongates the streamline in the chamber, conducive for fish migration. However, upon moving the cylinder downstream to x=3.0b0, its positive influence on the hydraulic characteristics within the pool weakens. Although cylinders could effectively lower the maximum TKE and promote a more even distribution of TKE within the pool, the position of cylinders greatly influences the E distribution, and an inappropriate location increases E and thus decreases fish migration efficiency.
关键词
竖缝式鱼道 /
池室结构 /
流速分布 /
水力特性 /
紊动能
Key words
vertical slot fishway /
pool chamber structure /
velocity distribution /
hydraulic characteristics /
turbulent kinetic energy
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52109076,52109088) ; 重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目(JDLHPYJD2020024)
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