PDF(4471 KB)
PDF(4471 KB)
PDF(4471 KB)
阻断水锤传播的调压塔水力特性及其应用
Hydraulic Characteristics and Application of Cylindrical Surge Tower for Blocking Water Hammer Propagation
安全可控的水锤压力是保障长距离有压输水工程稳定运行的必要条件,然而对于超长有压输水系统,还需要重点关注局部爆管等极端事故产生的超标水锤压强,其在全线蔓延导致整个输水系统瘫痪,可能引发次生危害。为解决极端水锤压力在整个输水系统传播的问题,首先提出一种阻断水锤传播的圆筒式溢流调压塔结构,通过将调压塔进水管竖直向上深入调压塔内部,形成圆筒式溢流调压塔,利用调压塔结构将进出水管道有效分割,以此阻断水锤的传播。随后通过模型试验和数值模拟方法分析了阻断式调压塔的水力特性,发现调压塔内流态均匀,溢流水体能在调压塔内充分消能后进入下游管线。最后将此调压塔应用于引绰济辽有压管线中,发现当管线出现局部爆管事故时,此调压塔能有效阻断负水锤的传播,避免水锤在全线蔓延,缩小事故影响范围。研究成果可为超长距离输水系统的水锤防护措施研究提供借鉴依据。
Safe and controllable water hammer pressure is a necessary condition to ensure the stable operation of long pressurized piping system. However, in ultra-long pressurized pipeline system, extreme accidents such as local pipe bursts may paralyze the entire system or lead to secondary disasters due to the widespread propagation of water hammer pressure throughout the entire pipeline.To address this issue, we introduce a cylindrical overflow surge tower designed to block water hammer propagation. The surge tower features a vertical inlet pipe, which effectively segments the pipelines and prevents water hammer from spreading. We analyzed the hydraulic characteristics of this surge tower using both model tests and numerical simulations. Our findings indicate that the flow patterns within the tower are uniform, and the overflow water dissipates sufficient energy before entering the downstream pipeline. Finally, we describe the application of this surge tower to the Chaoer River to Liaohe River Diversion Project. Results demonstrate that the surge tower effectively blocks the propagation of water hammer in case of local pipe bursts, thereby mitigating the negative impact of water hammer on the entire pipeline system. The findings offer valuable insights into protection strategies against water hammer for ultra-long pressurized piping systems.
超长有压输水系统 / 过渡过程 / 水锤防护 / 阻断式调压塔 / 水力特性
ultra-long pressurized piping system / transient process / water hammer protection / blocking-up surge tower / hydraulic characteristics
| [1] |
贾磊, 郭鑫宇. 考虑生态流量分级约束的跨流域引水与供水优化调度研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2018, 35(4):24-30,36.
针对大型引水工程由于改变了河流自然流态,受水城区生产生活用水与生态环境用水矛盾突出的问题,将大伙房输水工程与大伙房水库供水联合优化调度作为典型案例,以浑江下游与大伙房水库地区用水需求、环境流态因子为优化子目标,引入3个引水比例与36个旬水库蓄水量共39个决策变量,采用遗传算法搜寻引水比例与水库蓄水量最佳解。结果表明:优化方案平均年引水量为17 242万 m<sup>3</sup>,比原计划引水量少638万 m<sup>3</sup>,对浑江流域生产生活用水、生态环境用水与大伙房水库生态环境用水之间的矛盾有显著改善;依据整体生产生活缺水与整体环境流态因子的权重,设定了多种模型子目标的权重分配组合,能够恰当地反映缺水量与环境流态因子两者间的相关性,水库调度运行管理者可以根据需要调整权重,获得满足需水条件的引水比例与水库蓄水规线。研究成果可以为大型水利工程运行管理决策提供参考。
(
Large water diversion project has changed the natural flow regime in rivers, and has brought about out standing conflict between domestic water demand and eco-environmental water demand. With water demand and environmental flow components as sub-goals of optimization, the optimal combination of water diversion ratio and reservoir water storage is searched by using genetic algorithm with 39 decision variables, including 3 water diversion ratios and 36 reservoir storage levels. The trans-basin joint operation of Dahuofang water diversion project and Dahuofang reservoir is taken as a typical case study. Results conclude that the average annual water diversion amount is 172.42 million m<sup>3</sup>, which is 6.38 million m<sup>3</sup> smaller than the original plan, obviously alleviating the conflict between the domestic and ecological water demand in the Hunjiang river basin and the ecological water demand in Dahuofang reservoir. Moreover, according to the weights of holistic domestic water shortage and environmental flow component, many combinations of sub-goals with different weights are designed to reflect the correlation between water shortage and environmental flow component. Decision-makers of reservoir operation could obtain the water diversion ratio and reservoir water storage which meets the water demand by adjusting the weights. The research results would offer reference for the decision-making of large hydro-projects.
|
| [2] |
王吉亮, 向家菠, 颜慧明, 等. 引江补汉工程输水线路工程地质选线研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2023, 40(5):100-105.
引江补汉工程是南水北调中线工程的后续工程,可行性研究阶段坝下方案输水隧洞初拟4条线路进行比选,比选线路区地形地质条件和工程地质问题复杂,具有线路长、埋深大,地层岩性复杂多样、可溶岩和软质岩分布较多,地质构造背景复杂、总体地应力水平高等地质特点,深埋长隧洞工程可能涉及的工程地质问题均有可能出现,有必要选择一条地质条件相对较优的线路。经分析研究,将线路比选考虑的地质因素分为关键地质因素、重要地质因素、一般地质因素,并建立多因子条件下的线路比选模型,经工程地质综合比选,龙安1线输水隧洞方案总体较优,地质选线成果为工程设计综合选线提供了重要依据,地质比选研究思路与方法可为同类工程提供借鉴。
(
The Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River (WDTGH) is a follow-up project to the Middle Route Project (MRP) of the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD). During the feasibility study stage, four routes of water conveyance tunnel under the Danjiangkou dam were proposed for comparison based on their topographical and geological conditions and engineering geological problems. The geological conditions of the proposed routes are complex, with long routes, large burial depths, varied formation lithology, abundant dissolvable rocks and soft rocks, complex geological structure background, and high overall geostress levels. Therefore, it is necessary to select a route with relatively good geological conditions to avoid engineering geological problems that may occur in the deep-buried long tunnel project. Through analysis, the geological factors considered in the comparison and selection of the routes were classified into three levels as key geological factors, important geological factors, and general geological factors. A comparison model under the condition of multiple factors was established for comprehensive analysis and comparison on engineering geology. The study reveal that the water tunnel scheme of Long'an Line 1 has overall advantages. Thus, the results of geological route selection provide foundation for comprehensive route selection in engineering design. Additionally, the research ideas and methods of geological comparison and selection can serve as a reference for similar projects.
|
| [3] |
李重民, 茹荣, 王克忠, 等. 长距离输水洞分水口模型试验及过流能力研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2018, 35(9): 75-79.
水力学模型试验是验证过水建筑物设计合理性的重要方法之一。基于流体力学和水工模型理论对山西中部引黄工程输水洞分水口开展了模型试验研究。验证了总干隧洞、西干和东干支洞在闸门不同开度下的过流能力、流量分配;给出了闸门与闸前水面线高度的相互关系。结果表明:东西干闸门开度分别为0.60 m和0.56 m时能保证输水能力,并满足东西干流量分配;闸门启闭速率与闸前水位呈负相关。研究成果对无压输水隧洞分水口过流能力研究具有重要理论意义,并对闸门启闭和系统调度具有实际参考价值。
(
|
| [4] |
张志军. 长距离供水管道水锤分析优化与应用研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2016.
(
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
石喜, 陶虎, 柴媛媛, 等. 支管管径变化对枝状管网水锤压力的影响[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(10):76-81.
随着节水管网技术的大力推广, 管网水锤问题变得日益突出。为了探讨管网中支管管径变化对管网水锤压力的影响, 采用Pipenet软件对带有一个分支管的枝状管网在支管球阀突然关闭(工况1)和直管球阀关闭(工况2)2种操作工况下的水锤压力波动进行了数值计算, 支管型号分别取DN110、 DN90、 DN75、 DN63和DN50共5种; 并采用理论方法分析了2种工况下最大水锤压力的变化规律。结果表明: 随着支管管径的减小, 2种工况下各自阀门处产生的最大水锤压力和管网水锤压力均呈增大的趋势, 相比之下支管管径减小对工况1时的影响更大。理论分析表明工况1时最大水锤压力随支管管径减小而增大的主要原因是支管流速的增大; 工况2时最大水锤压力随支管管径减小而增大的主要原因是反射回的降压波逐渐减小。研究成果可以为管网设计提供参考。
(
The water hammer effect in pipeline has become increasingly acute with the development of water-saving pipe network technology. To investigate the influence of branch pipe diameter on water hammer pressure of pipe network, the fluctuation of water hammer pressure was examined via numerical computation using Pipenet software. Two working conditions were designed. One is to close suddenly the branch pipe valve (working condition one), and the other is to close the main pipe valve (working condition two). In both conditions, there is only one branch in the pipe network. Five pipe types (DN110, DN90, DN75, DN63 and DN50) were selected in the study. Moreover, the variation law of maximum water hammer pressure under the two working conditions was analyzed by theoretical method. Results revealed that the maximum water hammer pressure at each valve and the water hammer pressure on pipe both increased with the reduction of branch pipe diameter under the two working conditions; reducing the branch pipe diameter had greater impact on working condition one in comparison. Theoretical analysis showed that the main reason for the rise of water hammer pressure along with the recession of branch pipe diameter lies in the increment of flow velocity in branch pipe in working condition one, and the reduction of the reflected buck wave in working condition two.
|
| [8] |
(
|
| [9] |
(
|
| [10] |
侯波. 白杨河引水工程输水管道工程中箱式双向调压塔的应用[J]. 陕西水利, 2014(6):42-44.
(
|
| [11] |
杨春霞, 李倩, 马经童, 等. 多分水口长距离输水工程停泵水锤防护措施[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2024, 42(3): 250-255.
(
|
| [12] |
徐燕, 李江. 长距离有压流输水管道水锤计算及防护设备研究进展[J]. 水利规划与设计, 2020(9):117-123.
(
|
| [13] |
胡卫娟, 胡建永, 李柏庆. 长距离供水工程水锤联合防护研究[J]. 给水排水, 2022, 48(9): 107-111.
(
|
| [14] |
刘欢. 压力流树状管网停泵及末端关阀水锤研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2022.
(
|
| [15] |
宋宇, 黄源. 有压输水管道的停泵水锤防护实例分析[J]. 供水技术, 2016, 10(3):42-45.
(
|
| [16] |
王海宾, 李鑫, 王鑫, 等. 高扬程重力流输水管道水锤防护方法[J]. 科技风, 2019(20): 196-197.
(
|
| [17] |
谭艳芳. 双向调压塔在长距离密闭输水管线中的应用[J]. 水利建设与管理, 2020, 40(6): 60-64.
(
|
| [18] |
李廷彦. 引洮供水工程输水系统隔断阀关闭过渡过程分析[J]. 黑龙江水利, 2017, 3(6): 40-44.
(
|
| [19] |
薛松, 张石磊, 李进平, 等. 超长重力流输水系统水锤防护的顶部联通溢流式调压塔方案研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2022(7): 158-163, 174.
提出一种针对超长重力流输水系统水锤防护的多调压塔方案。该方案利用一种新型的顶部联通溢流式调压塔将长系统分隔成多个短系统，有效抑制水锤压强上升并防止爆管事故蔓延。给出了该方案的设计原则，其中关键是确定顶部联通溢流式调压塔的下溢堰和外溢堰高程：管线末端设置将波动流量溢向下游水库的调压塔，其溢流堰高程控制全线水力坡降线；中部调压塔因地形地势间隔设置，其下溢堰高程按系统稳定运行时有足够输水能力确定，外溢堰高程按过渡过程中不外溢或少量外溢确定。结合工程实例，证明该方案具有良好的水锤防护效果，可为类似工程提供参考。
(
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
