关键词: 开挖面, 上方来水, 水土流失, 生产建设项目, 汇水影响, 冲刷试验

Abstract: Engineering excavated slope is one of the main causes of water and soil loss in production and construction projects. The water and soil loss in excavated slope caused by violent changes in underlying surface has conventional features and also has its own unique characteristics. The excavated slope affected by up-slope runoff accounts for 94% of the total number of excavated slopes. In this paper the effect of up-slope runoff on the regularity of water and soil loss is researched through scouring experiments on artificial excavated slope. Results show that there is no initial abstraction duration in general, and runoff coefficient is high. Flow rate, slope gradient and slope length are in significant correlation with soil loss per unit area, indicating that these factors have important effect on the soil erosion of excavated slope. Furthermore, there is apparent difference between the soil loss of newly excavated slope and previously excavated slope. This difference is in significant negative power regression relation with slope gradient. With the rise of flow rate, runoff and per unit sediment yield increase accordingly. In the presence of the same flow rate, there is slight difference in runoff and sediment yield among different plots with different slope lengths, but when the slope gradient is different, there is obvious difference in sediment yield rather than in runoff.

Key words: excavated slope, up-slope runoff, water and soil loss, production and construction project, catchment effect, scouring experiment