南方坡耕地水土流失防治任务迫切而严峻,由于南方或是自然条件、或是经济条件、抑或是农耕文化的原因,现有水土保持措施仍不能很好地满足南方坡耕地治理。在多年从事水土保持经历的基础上,结合相关实验,探讨南方坡耕地水土流失过程与调控,为南方坡耕地治理提供科学依据。结果发现南方坡耕地水土流失是内因和外因综合作用的产物,坡面细沟发育是坡耕地水土流失转向强烈的最明显标志。在当前国家大力推进生态文明建设和长江经济带建设背景下,结合南方实际,将细沟消灭作为坡耕地水土流失防治目标和标准,提出了“排水保土”的坡耕地治理原理、以“调控坡面径流”为核心的坡耕地治理措施总体布局、新型截水沟设计和“保土增肥”技术,以期抛砖引玉,加快坡耕地水土流失治理,实现水土流失科学防治。

Prevention and control of soil and water loss at slope farmland in South China is urgent and serious.Due to natural conditions, economic conditions, or farming culture in South China, the existing measures of soil and water conservation can’t meet the actual requirements of slope farmland in South China. On the basis of years of experience in soil and water conservation as well as related experiments, we discuss the process and regulation of soil and water loss on slope farmland in South China so as to provide scientific foundation for control on slope farmland. Results show that soil and water loss is a result of the combined action of internal and external factors, and rill erosion on the slope is the most obvious sign of intensive soil and water loss. In the current background of vigorously promoting construction of ecological civilization and construction of Yangtze River Economic Zone, in association with the characteristics of the South China, we take rill erosion elimination as the objective and standard of controlling of soil and water loss of slope farmland. Furthermore, we present the principle of “water discharge and soil conservation” for soil erosion prevention and control on slope farmland, and propose the control measures with “slope runoff regulation” as the core measure, and put forward a new type of drainage ditch and a technique of “conserving soil and increasing fertility” in the aim of improving the regulation of soil and water loss at slope farmland.