三峡水库自2003年开展蓄水调度以来,已运行20 a,在防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用、生态环境保护等方面发挥了重要作用,但也对下游水文情势产生影响。选择宜昌水文站1950—2022年逐日径流和水位资料,采用MASH滑动平均法、Sen斜率估计法和IHA/RVA法量化评估三峡水库投运以来宜昌水文站水文情势改变程度。研究结果表明:宜昌水文站1—5月份滑动平均流量序列呈现显著上升趋势,9—11月份滑动平均流量序列呈现显著下降趋势,而6—12月份滑动平均水位呈现显著下降趋势;宜昌水文站合计有14个水文改变指标(IHA)发生了高度水文情势改变,整体综合改变度为63.52%,属于中度改变;三峡水库通过径流调蓄,显著增加了年最小流量组分的中值和流量折转次数,且减少年最大1 d流量的中值,进一步反映了三峡水库防洪兴利的综合效益。研究结果可为三峡水库水资源综合管理提供参考依据。
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir, impounded since 2003 for 20 years, has played a crucial role in flood prevention, hydropower generation, navigation, water resource utilization, and ecological environmental protection. However, its operation has also impacted downstream hydrological regimes. We analyzed daily runoff and water level data from the Yichang hydrological station spanning from 1950 to 2022. Applying the MASH (Moving Average over Shifting Horizon), Sen slope, and IHA/RVA methods, we quantitatively assessed the alterations in hydrological regimes following the Three Gorges Reservoir operation. Findings revealed significant trends in moving-average runoff, with increases during January-May and decreases during September-November, as well as decreasing moving-average water levels from June to December. Fourteen IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration) showed substantial alterations, resulting in an overall alteration of 63.52%, classified as moderate. The Three Gorges Reservoir notably enhanced the median values of annual minimum flow components and the number of flow reversals while decreasing the median values of annual maximum 1-day flow through streamflow regulation. These adjustments reflect the reservoir’s multifaceted benefits for flood control and hydropower generation. The research outcomes offer valuable insights for managing water resources within the Three Gorges Reservoir.
关键词
三峡水库 /
水文情势 /
MASH滑动平均法 /
IHA/RVA法 /
宜昌水文站
Key words
Three Gorges Reservoir /
hydrological regime /
MASH method /
IHA/RVA method /
Yichang hydrological station
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基金
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022038);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200304)
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