松滋河是连通长江与洞庭湖的主要通道。自1950s以来,随着下荆江系统裁弯及葛洲坝、三峡等水利工程相继建成,松滋河分流量呈现阶段性减少。基于系列水文和河道原型观测资料,分析了三峡水库蓄水后松滋口分流变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①三峡水库蓄水后,松滋口年分流比基本稳定在7%左右,没有明显趋势性变化;②当枝城站出现＞25 000 m3/s流量时,蓄水后松滋口分流能力明显提升,特别是蓄水后前10 a;③三峡水库主汛期洪水调度影响较小,而汛末蓄水对口门分流产生消极影响;④荆江干流河床冲刷降低了口门处中枯水位,对松滋口分流产生不利影响;⑤芦家河浅滩航道整治工程实施在一定程度上对维持口门段中枯水位发挥了关键作用,口门河段河道采砂在一定时段改善了口门进流条件。
Abstract
The Songzi River serves as the primary channel linking the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake. Since the 1950s, the water diversion from the Songzi River has gradually decreased due to the completion of artificial cutoffs in the lower Jingjiang River, the Gezhouba Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Based on measured hydrological data and prototype channel observation data, we analyzed the change and influencing factors of water diversion at Songzi outlet after the impoundment of TGR. Results indicate the following: 1) The annual split ratio has stabilized at 7% with no significant changes. 2) The water diversion capacity of Songzi outlet noticeably increases when the discharge at Zhicheng Station exceeds 25 000 m3/s, particularly during the first ten years following the TGR impoundment. 3) Operations during main flood season have a minimal impact, while impounding water after flood season in the TGR negatively affects water diversion at Songzi outlet. 4) Riverbed erosion in the mainstream of Jingjiang River leads to a decline of middle-low water levels near the inlet, posing an unfavorable impact on the flow diversion at Songzi outlet. 5) To a certain extent, the construction of the channel improvement project in Lujiahe Shoal Reach helps maintain middle-low water levels, and the sand dredging in the entrance reach improves inflow conditions during specific periods.
关键词
分流 /
三峡水库 /
荆江 /
松滋口 /
影响因素
Key words
water diversion /
Three Gorges Reservoir /
Jingjiang River /
Songzi outlet /
influencing factor
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3201801);国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040215)
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