Abstract: Benzilan Ahai reach exploitation is an important part of the exploitation of Jinsha River basin. If the abundant hydropower resource is exploited, it will provide reliable power for the development of the district, even for our whole country. The exploitation has become the focus of attention, for it will destroy the natural landscape of the Hutiao Gorge and the first bend of the Yangtze River etc., and cause some problems such as submerged land and migration etc.. On the basis of the impact of the exploitation on the ecology and environment of the Hutiao Gorge and the Benzilan Town, three representative exploitation programs are put forward, namely, high dam program, low dam program and no dam program. Through comparison and analysis of the exploitations influence on? eco environmental conditions and their interrelated factors, the main influence factors are presented, including society and economy, the submerged land, immigrants, natural sight, cultural relics and historic sites, and the aquatic biology. The results show that the low dam program is the best one. The research results can provide scientific foundation for environmental impact assessment in the feasible research period.