小尺度山洪灾害区下垫面特征分析——以官山河流域为例韩

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20190541

长江科学院院报 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 68-74.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20190541

小尺度山洪灾害区下垫面特征分析——以官山河流域为例韩

韩培^1,2, 任洪玉^1,2, 王思腾³, 董林垚^1,2, 邹明洋⁴, 王志刚^1,2, 张平仓^1,2

1.长江科学院水土保持研究所, 武汉 430010;
2.水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉 430010;
3.中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司,武汉 430000;
4.武汉智城云图地理信息技术有限公司,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2019-05-13 出版日期:2020-07-01 发布日期:2020-08-06
通讯作者: 任洪玉(1977-),女,重庆涪陵人,教授级高级工程师,硕士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持、山洪灾害防治方面的研究。E-mail: hongyuren@126.com
作者简介:韩培(1989-),女,湖北孝感人,工程师,硕士,主要从事水土保持及山洪灾害相关遥感信息化研究。E-mail:1129143892@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目 (2017YFC1502506,2016YFC050230305)

Characteristics of Underlying Surface in Small-scale Mountain Flood Disaster Area: Case Study on Guanshan River Basin

HAN Pei^1,2, REN Hong-yu^1,2, WANG Si-teng³, DONG Lin-yao^1,2, ZOU Ming-yang⁴, WANG Zhi-gang^1,2, ZHANG Ping-cang^1,2

1. Soil and Water Conservation Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;
2. Research Center on Mountain Flood and Geological Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology under Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China;
3. China Communications Second Aviation Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China;
4. Wuhan Zhicheng Yuntu Geographic Information Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2019-05-13 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为响应国家加强小区域山洪灾害建设和防范预警要求,给小尺度山洪灾害区域建设和预警提供基础数据支撑,以官山河流域为例,采用地学统计、植被指数计算、面向对象与人机交互解译、空间叠加分析、野外调查等方法,获取流域地形、坡度、植被覆盖度、土地利用类型等下垫面特征,分析潜在受灾村落和人口。结果表明:官山河流域地势中间低、边缘高,最低点为流域出水口,平均历史受灾海拔、坡度分别为415 m和21°;平均植被覆盖度为71%,主要土地利用类型为林(草)地,历史受灾主要在低植被的沿河、沟、道路周边;居民房屋为山洪灾害重点承灾体,占总面积的1%,裸地、坡耕地占总面积的2%;潜在受灾房屋主要集中在官山河、袁家河、吕家河、西河两侧地势低的位置,受灾总人口为8 106人,2 023户。官山河流域出口处的弯曲、窄河段、上下游卡口区条件,不利于快速泄洪,易引发山洪灾害。在强降雨下,裸地、低植被陡坡地易产生山洪,沿河、道路周边低植被覆盖的村落易遭受山洪灾害。官山河流域共有12个村存在潜在受灾威胁,需做好山洪灾害预警和防范建设;五龙庄、大河湾、赵家坪、吕家河、马蹄山、西河、官亭村是山洪灾害防御建设的重点。

关键词: 山洪灾害, 小尺度, 下垫面, 潜在受灾, 防范预警, 官山河流域

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to offer basic data support for the construction of small-scale mountain flood disaster prevention and early warning in response to national requirements. The Guanshan River drainage basin is taken as a case study. By using multiple approaches including geoscience statistics, vegetation index calculation, object-oriented and human-computer interaction interpretation, spatial superposition analysis, field survey, and etc., the underlying surface characteristics, such as the topography, slope, vegetation coverage, and land use pattern are obtained, and the potentially affected villages and populations are comprehensively analyzed. The Guanshan River Basin is characterized by low middle part and high edges with the lowest point as the basin's outlet. The average historical disaster elevation and slope are 415 m and 21°,respectively. The average vegetation coverage of the Guanshan River Basin is 71%. Most of the basin is covered by forest and grass, and historical disasters mainly happened in less-vegetated area along rivers, ditches and roads. Residential houses as the major disaster-bearing body for mountain flood disasters, account for 1% of the total area; bare land and sloping land account for 2% of the total area. Potential disaster-stricken houses mainly concentrate in the lower positions of Guanshan River, Yuanjia River, Lyujia River and Xihe River, with a total of 8,106 people and 2,023 households affected. The bend, narrow river segment, and upstream and downstream bayonet area at the exit of Guanshan River Basin are not conducive to rapid flood discharge and easily lead to mountain flood disasters. Under heavy rainfall, bare land and steep slope in low-vegetation area are prone to breed mountain flood disaster, while less-vegetated along rivers and roads are subjected to mountain flood disasters. Early warning and prevention work should be strengthened as twelve villages in the Guanshan River Basin are threatened by potential hazards, among which Wulongzhuang, Dahewan, Zhaojiaping, Lyujiahe, Horseshoe Mountain, Xihe and Guanting Village are key points of mountain flood disaster prevention and construction.

Key words: mountain flood disaster, small scale, underlying surface, potential disaster, early warning and prevention, Guanshan River Basin

中图分类号:

X43
S157

韩培, 任洪玉, 王思腾, 董林垚, 邹明洋, 王志刚, 张平仓. 小尺度山洪灾害区下垫面特征分析——以官山河流域为例韩[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(7): 68-74.

HAN Pei, REN Hong-yu, WANG Si-teng, DONG Lin-yao, ZOU Ming-yang, WANG Zhi-gang, ZHANG Ping-cang. Characteristics of Underlying Surface in Small-scale Mountain Flood Disaster Area: Case Study on Guanshan River Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF YANGTZE RIVER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTI, 2020, 37(7): 68-74.

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小尺度山洪灾害区下垫面特征分析——以官山河流域为例韩

Characteristics of Underlying Surface in Small-scale Mountain Flood Disaster Area: Case Study on Guanshan River Basin

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