长江科学院院报 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 14-18.

• 水土保持与生态建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种坡面土壤侵蚀测量方法的比较研究

丁文峰1, 张平仓1,王爱娟2,王一峰1   

  1. 1.长江科学院 水土保持研究所,武汉 430010;
    2.水利部 水土保持监测中心,北京 100055
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-13 修回日期:2014-07-25 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-11-05
  • 作者简介:丁文峰(1975-),男,河南汝州人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究,(电话) 15927357175(电子信箱)wenfengding@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41271303,41101260);“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2012BAK10B04);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301058);水利部科技推广计划项目(TG1310 );中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2013013/TB);长江科学院创新团队项目(CKSF2012052/TB)

Comparative Study of Several Measuring Methods for Soil Erosion on Slope

DING Wen-feng1, ZHANG Ping-cang1,WANG Ai-juan2,WANG Yi-feng1   

  1. 1.Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
    2.Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100055, China
  • Received:2014-06-13 Revised:2014-07-25 Published:2015-11-20 Online:2015-11-05

摘要: 坡面侵蚀产沙信息的获取对土壤侵蚀预报模型开发和相关参数获取至关重要。采用如下方法放水冲刷法和人工模拟降雨法,通过不同的放水流量、雨强,在5 m坡长坡面上利用REE示踪法;在4 m长坡面和3 m长沟坡组成的坡沟系统上,用地形测针板法和坡面侵蚀沟量算法;在8 m长坡面和5 m长沟坡组成的坡沟系统上,用地形测针板和HDS3000高精度扫描仪测量法等,对不同空间尺度、不同侵蚀测量方法的测定结果进行了对比分析。结果表明几种方法的测量精度高低依次为HDS3000扫描仪法>REE示踪法>地形测针板法>侵蚀沟量测法;工作效率高低依次为HDS3000扫描仪法>侵蚀沟量测法>地形测针板法>REE示踪法。在坡面侵蚀空间分布上几种方法都可实现,但精度各有不同,实际应用中应根据需求选用不同的测量方法。

Abstract: Acquiring of slope erosion information is very important to build erosion prediction model and obtain relevant parameters. By using artificial simulated rainfall experiments and scouring experiments, 3 physical models were established in the presence of different discharges and rainfall intensities slope-gully system of 5 meters long straight slope by using REE tracer method, slope-gully system of the 4 meters long slope and 3 meters long gully slope by using topography needle plate measuring method and rill measurement method , and slope-gully system of the 8 meters long slope and 5 meters long gully slope by using topography needle plate measuring method and HDS3000 scanner method . Different measuring methods for slope erosion were analyzed in this paper. The results show that HDS3000 scanner method is the most precise, followed by REE tracer method, topography needle plate measuring method and rill measurement method. HDS3000 scanner method has the highest efficiency, followed by rill measurement method, topography needle plate measuring method and REE tracer method. These methods all can be used to measure the erosion spatial distribution on slope, but the precision is different among them. Therefore, in the study of soil erosion, suitable measuring method should be chosen to meet actual need.

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