长江科学院院报 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 33-40.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20171412

• 水资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国水电工程生态流量实践主要问题与发展方向

陈昂1,2, 吴淼3, 王鹏远2, 温静雅4, 李慧5, 吴赛男1   

  1. 1.中国水利水电科学研究院 水电可持续发展研究中心,北京 100038;
    2.中国长江三峡集团有限公司,北京 100012;
    3.河海大学 水文水资源学院,南京 210098;
    4.生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京 100012;
    5.水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京 100120
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-08 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-18
  • 作者简介:陈 昂(1989-),男,内蒙古赤峰人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为生态水文学、环境影响评价。E-mail:angteenchen@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0102400);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2016M592404);中国长江三峡集团有限公司资助项目(0799556,0799564);中国水利水电科学研究院青年专项课题(持基本科研KY1812)

Practice of Ecological Flow of Hydropower Projects in China: Limitations and Trend

CHEN Ang1,2, WU Miao3, WANG Peng-yuan2, WEN Jing-ya4, LI Hui5, WU Sai-nan1   

  1. 1.Research Center for Sustainable Hydropower Development, China Institute of Water Resources andHydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
    2.China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100012,China;
    3.College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
    4.Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing100012, China;
    5. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, Ministryof Water Resources, Beijing 100120, China
  • Received:2017-12-08 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-18

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摘要： 梳理了2001—2015年96个水电工程的生态流量数据,基于ArcGIS平台分析了工程时空分布特征,回顾分析了生态流量的落实情况,分析了生态流量计算方法、泄放方式、保障措施和监测措施的差异及其对保护坝下河段珍稀、濒危保护鱼类的生态效益;重点分析水电工程下泄生态流量的保障情况、目前存在的不足与改进措施。总结了中国水电工程下泄生态流量实践的主要问题,并从生态流量计算原则与流量过程线要求、梯级水库联合调度的考虑、加强河流生态修复中生态流量研究与实践等方面提出了未来的发展方向。

关键词: 生态流量, 计算方法, 水电工程, 环境影响评价, 生态修复

Abstract: The ecological flow database of hydropower projects in China is built by analyzing the environmental impact assessment reports of 96 hydropower projects from 2001 to 2015 in aspects of project status, hydrological characteristics, fish status and ecological base flow using statistical method in association with ArcGIS platform. The differences in calculation method, spatial-temporal distribution, release type, guarantee measures and monitoring measures of ecological flow before and after the implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline 2006 were examined, and the ecological benefits of such differences for endangered fish protection in the downstream of dam were analyzed. Moreover, the effectiveness of guaranteeing the ecological flow after the implementation of Guideline 2006 is presented, and meanwhile, shortcomings and countermeasures are expounded as well. In conclusion, the major limits of ecological flow practice of hydropower project in China are summarized, and future development trend is put forward respecting the calculation principle, flow process demand, joint dispatching of cascade reservoirs, and research on ecological restoration.

Key words: ecological flow, calculation method, hydropower project, environmental impact assessment, ecological restoration

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