抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态修复探讨

金可; 常世举; 万丹; 周火明; 刘富强; 马萧萧

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230225

PDF(7185 KB)

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6) : 51-57. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230225

水土保持与生态修复

抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态修复探讨

金可¹, 常世举², 万丹¹, 周火明¹, 刘富强², 马萧萧³

作者信息 +

Ecological Restoration in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Reservoir Rock Slope of Pumped Storage Power Station

JIN Ke¹, CHANG Shi-ju², WAN Dan¹, ZHOU Huo-ming¹, LIU Fu-qiang², MA Xiao-xiao³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

抽水蓄能电站是我国水利水电开发的重要组成部分,建成运行后将形成库水周期性涨落的消落带,生境条件极为脆弱,是生态环境修复的重难点区域。对岩质边坡生态修复关键技术和水库消落带生境改善方法开展系统分析,结合河南天池抽水蓄能电站上水库岩质边坡消落带生境特征,提出土工格室+生态袋+挂网复合工程技术可作为水库岩质边坡消落带生态治理的关键措施。基于消落带库水涨落节律和植物自身遗传特性,指出消落带下端优先配置长期耐淹多年生草本植物(如狗牙根),消落带中端配置耐淹能力较强的灌木和草本(如秋华柳、黄荆、紫穗槐、中华蚊母和狗牙根等),消落带上端可综合配置抗旱耐淹能力较好的乔木、灌木和草本(如银合欢、桑树、紫穗槐、黄荆、秋华柳、狗牙根和苘麻等),以及生态适应性较强的乡土植物(如藜和诸葛菜等)。研究成果对抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态治理具有重要指导意义。

Abstract

Pumped storage power stations play a crucial role in China’s water resource and hydropower development. However, after reservoir completion and operation, they may induce water level fluctuation zones characterized by periodic fluctuations, which hosts extremely delicate habitat conditions, posing a significant challenge for ecological restoration. This study systematically examines essential techniques for rock slope ecological restoration and methods for enhancing habitats in reservoir fluctuation zone. Focusing on the water-level fluctuation zone of the upper reservoir rock slope at Henan Tianchi Pumped Storage Power Station, we propose geocell and ecological bag composite engineering technology as a pivotal measure for ecological management. Considering the fluctuation rhythm of reservoir water and plants’ genetic characteristics, we recommend allocating long-term flood-resistant perennial herbs like Cynodon dactylon to the zone’s lower end. Shrubs and herbs with strong flood resistance, such as Salix variegates, Vitex negundo, Amorpha fruticose, Distylium chinense, and Cynodon dactylon, are suggested for the middle section. At the upper end, trees, shrubs, and grasses like Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba, Amorpha fruticose, Vitex negundo, Salix variegates, Cynodon dactylon, and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, along with locally adaptive species like Chenopodium album L. and Orychophragmus violaceus, are recommended. These findings offer valuable guidance for ecological management of reservoir rock slopes in water-level fluctuation zones of pumped storage power station.

导出引用

金可, 常世举, 万丹, 周火明, 刘富强, 马萧萧. 抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态修复探讨[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2024, 41(6): 51-57 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230225

JIN Ke, CHANG Shi-ju, WAN Dan, ZHOU Huo-ming, LIU Fu-qiang, MA Xiao-xiao. Ecological Restoration in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Reservoir Rock Slope of Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2024, 41(6): 51-57 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230225

中图分类号： X171.4

参考文献

[1] 张羽,马晓,张石磊,等.河南天池抽水蓄能电站典型断面含沙量分布试验研究[J].河南科技,2017(5):105-107.(ZHANG Yu, MA Xiao, ZHANG Shi-lei, et al. Experimental Study on Distribution of Sediment Concentration in Typical Section of Tianchi Pumped Storage Power Station in Henan Province[J]. Henan Science and Technology, 2017(5): 105-107.(in Chinese))
[2] 靳亚东, 唐修波, 赵杰君, 等. 我国抽水蓄能电站的现状及发展前景分析[C] //中国水力发电工程学会.抽水蓄能电站工程建设文集2019.北京: 中国电力出版社,2019: 21-25. (JIN Ya-dong, TANG Xiu-bo, ZHAO Jie-jun, et al. Analysis on the Current Situation and Development Prospect of Pumped Storage Power Stations in China[C] // China Hydropower Engineering Society. Pumped Storage Power Station Engineering Construction Collection, 2019.Beijing: China Electric Power Press,2019: 21-25. (in Chinese))
[3] 王辉伟,薛方方,秦鸿哲,等.镇安抽水蓄能电站弃渣坝分区优化研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2021,37(5):140-146.(WANG Hui-wei,XUE Fang-fang,QIN Hong-zhe,et al. Research on Zoning Optimization of Waste Slag Dam of Zhen’an Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2021, 37(5): 140-146.(in Chinese))
[4] 谢遵党, 吕小龙, 宋修昌, 等. 回龙抽水蓄能电站库盆渗漏特性研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2021, 43(11): 133-136. (XIE Zun-dang, LÜ Xiao-long, SONG Xiu-chang, et al. Study on Reservoir Basin Leakage of Huilong Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Yellow River, 2021, 43(11): 133-136.(in Chinese))
[5] 余天尘. 抽水蓄能电站泥沙问题研究综述[J]. 湖南水利水电, 2021(4): 57-60. (YU Tian-chen. Summary of Researches on Sedimentation of Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Hunan Hydro & Power, 2021(4): 57-60.(in Chinese))
[6] 周永峰,吴倩楠,吴德榆,等.基于层次分析法的抽水蓄能电站环境影响评价[J].中国水土保持,2018(8):65-68.(ZHOU Yong-feng, WU Qian-nan, WU De-yu, et al. Environmental Impact Assessment of Pumped-storage Power Station Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2018(8): 65-68.(in Chinese))
[7] 吴王燕, 李冬晓, 郭坚, 等. 华东地区抽水蓄能电站建设的生态保护对策: 以安徽金寨抽水蓄能电站为例[J]. 环境与发展, 2017, 29(8): 180-181. (WU Wang-yan, LI Dong-xiao, GUO Jian, et al. Ecological Protection Countermeasures for Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station in East China-taking Anhui Jinzhai Pumped Storage Power Station as an Example[J]. Environment and Development, 2017, 29(8): 180-181.(in Chinese))
[8] 李树一. 宜兴抽水蓄能电站上水库主坝下游堆渣体边坡生态治理技术研究[J].城市建筑,2013(12):288-289.(LI Shu-yi. Study on the Ecological Control Technology of Slag Heap Slope in the Reservoir Main Dam Downstream of Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Urbanism and Architecture,2013(12):288-289.(in Chinese))
[9] 黎曦. 我国岩质边坡植被修复与水土保持应用进展[J]. 南方农业, 2021, 15(6): 208-209. (LI Xi. Application Progress of Vegetation Restoration and Soil and Water Conservation on Rocky Slopes in China[J]. South China Agriculture,2021,15(6):208-209.(in Chinese))
[10] 覃承禹,程建国,罗鹏,等.基于恢复生态学的高陡岩质边坡生态修复与景观重建工程实践:以深圳市下角山边坡修复为例[J].亚热带水土保持,2021,33(3):51-54.(TAN Cheng-yu,CHENG Jian-guo, LUO Peng, et al. Practice of Ecological Restoration and Landscape Reconstruction at High Steep Rock Side Slope Based on the Restoration Ecology[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 33(3): 51-54.(in Chinese))
[11] 李富平,贾淯斐,夏冬,等.石矿迹地生态修复技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].金属矿山,2021(1):168-184.(LI Fu-ping, JIA Yu-fei, XIA Dong, et al. Study Status and Development Trends of Ecological Restoration Techniques in Abandoned Quarry[J]. Metal Mine, 2021(1): 168-184.(in Chinese))
[12] 李予红, 赵金召, 张万河, 等. 露天矿山高陡岩质边坡生态修复技术研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 河北地质大学学报, 2021, 44(3): 82-86. (LI Yu-hong, ZHAO Jin-zhao, ZHANG Wan-he, et al. Research Status and Development Trend of Ecological Restoration Technology for High and Steep Rock Slope in Open-pit Mine[J]. Journal of Hebei GEO University, 2021, 44(3): 82-86.(in Chinese))
[13] 李玉倩, 刘德成, 彭振, 等. 北京市门头沟区高陡岩质边坡生态修复实践[J]. 城市地质, 2021, 16(4): 404-409. (LI Yu-qian, LIU De-cheng, PENG Zhen, et al. Ecological Restoration of High and Steep Rock Slope in Mentougou District, Beijing[J]. Urban Geology, 2021, 16(4): 404-409.(in Chinese))
[14] 桂元锋.格构梁+生态袋法应用于岩质高陡边坡生态修复的技术实践[J].资源导刊·地球科技版,2015(11):45-46,50.(GUI Yuan-feng. Technical Practice of Lattice Beam + Ecological Bag Method in Ecological Restoration of High and Steep Rock Slopes[J]. Resources Guide Earth Science and Technology Edition, 2015(11): 45-46, 50. (in Chinese))
[15] 王耀建,王永喜,夏兵,等.基于喷混植生的高陡岩质边坡生态修复新思路:以梧桐山道立交边坡为例[J].中国水土保持,2019(1):29-31.(WANG Yao-jian, WANG Yong-xi, XIA Bing, et al. New Ideas on Ecological Rehabilitation of High and Steep Rock Slope Based on Concrete Spray-planting-turf[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2019(1): 29-31.(in Chinese))
[16] 袁磊, 周建伟, 温冰, 等. 高陡岩质边坡生态修复过程中植物群落与地下生境特征研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2017, 32(2): 84-89. (YUAN Lei, ZHOU Jian-wei, WEN Bing, et al. Characters of Vegetation Community and Below-ground Habitats of Ecological Restoration Process on High-steep Slope[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2017, 32(2): 84-89.(in Chinese))
[17] 耿绍波, 卢建利, 姜超, 等. 岩质边坡生态修复植被的选择和配置研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 2022(6): 51-54. (GENG Shao-bo, LU Jian-li, JIANG Chao, et al. Selection and Allocation of Vegetation for Ecological Restoration of Rock Slope[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2022(6): 51-54.(in Chinese))
[18] 许建新,吴彩琼,周琼,等.黄石市岩质边坡生态修复植物筛选应用研究[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(4):22-27.(XU Jian-xin,WU Cai-qiong,ZHOU Qiong,et al. Study on the Screening of Plants for Ecological Restoration of Rock Side Slope in Huangshi City[J]. Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2011,23(4):22-27.(in Chinese))
[19] 田大作, 陈志, 宋文杰. 高陡岩石边坡客土喷播技术试验研究[J]. 湖南水利水电, 2012(6): 38-40. (TIAN Da-zuo, CHEN Zhi, SONG Wen-jie. Experimental Study on Spray Seeding Technology of Foreign Soil on High and Steep Rock Slope[J]. Hunan Hydro & Power, 2012(6): 38-40.(in Chinese))
[20] 邵蔚,姚庆健,许峰,等.厚层基材喷播技术在江南地区石灰岩矿山高陡岩质边坡生态修复中的应用[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2021(4):59-62.(SHAO Wei,YAO Qing-jian,XU Feng,et al. Application of Thick Substrate Spray Seeding Technology in Ecological Restoration of High and Steep Rock Slope in Jiangnan Limestone Mines[J]. China Non-metallic Minerals Industry,2021(4):59-62.(in Chinese))
[21] 庞亮, 陈璋, 张琼瑛, 等. 四川盆地岩石边坡适应性植物选择[J]. 北方园艺, 2013(7): 94-97. (PANG Liang, CHEN Zhang, ZHANG Qiong-ying, et al. Selection for Adaptive Plants to the Rock Slope in Sichuan Basin[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2013(7): 94-97.(in Chinese))
[22] 兰虎林,尹金珠,彭国涛,等.岩质边坡植被恢复研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2011,48(3):713-719.(LAN Hu-lin, YIN Jin-zhu, PENG Guo-tao, et al. Study on the Vegetation Restoration of Rock Slope[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 48(3): 713-719.(in Chinese))
[23] 李少丽, 许文年, 刘立荣. 开挖岩质边坡生态修复研究: 以宜昌求索众创中心项目为例[J]. 水利水电技术, 2018, 49(4): 130-137. (LI Shao-li, XU Wen-nian, LIU Li-rong. Study on Eco-restoration of Excavated Rock Slope—A Case Study of Qiusuo Zhongchuang Center Project in Yichang[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2018, 49(4): 130-137.(in Chinese))
[24] 张鑫, 胡海波, 吴秋芳, 等. 基于挂网喷播绿化的岩质边坡植物多样性及影响因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 42(3): 131-138. (ZHANG Xin, HU Hai-bo, WU Qiu-fang, et al. Plant Diversity and Influencing Factors of Rocky Slope Based on Net-suspended Spray Seeding[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2018, 42(3): 131-138.(in Chinese))
[25] 陈晓蓉, 朱兆华, 徐国钢, 等. 高陡采石场边坡生态修复工程设计初探及效果观测[J]. 环境保护与循环经济, 2019, 39(3): 42-48. (CHEN Xiao-rong, ZHU Zhao-hua, XU Guo-gang, et al. Preliminary Study on Design and Effect Observation of Ecological Restoration Project of High and Steep Quarry Slope[J]. Environmental Protection and Circular Economy, 2019, 39(3): 42-48.(in Chinese))
[26] 邹旭, 邓穆坤, 李丹雄, 等. 浅谈矿山生态修复中的植物选择与配置: 以湖南娄底市冷水江锑煤矿生态修复为例[J]. 中国水土保持, 2021(7): 39-42. (ZOU Xu, DENG Mu-kun, LI Dan-xiong, et al. Plant Selection and Arrangement in Mine Ecological Restoration[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2021(7): 39-42.(in Chinese))
[27] 张霄, 张红玉, 陆兆华, 等. 高寒地区路堑边坡植被恢复效果[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(5): 1450-1457. (ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Hong-yu, LU Zhao-hua, et al. Vegetation Restoration Effects of Rock Cutting Slopes in the Cold Region of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(5): 1450-1457.(in Chinese))
[28] 冯玉新,杨浩兴,夏冬,等.基于岩体质量分区的唐山某石矿边坡生态修复重建技术研究[J].采矿技术,2021,21(3):179-183.(FENG Yu-xin, YANG Hao-xing, XIA Dong, et al. Research on Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction Technology of Slope of a Quarry in Tangshan Based on Rock Mass Quality Zoning[J]. Mining Technology, 2021, 21(3): 179-183.(in Chinese))
[29] 程瑞梅, 王晓荣, 肖文发, 等. 消落带研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(4): 111-119. (CHENG Rui-mei, WANG Xiao-rong, XIAO Wen-fa, et al. Advances in Studies on Water-level-fluctuation Zone[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(4): 111-119.(in Chinese))
[30] 艾丽皎, 吴志能, 张银龙. 水体消落带国内外研究综述[J]. 生态科学, 2013, 32(2): 259-264. (AI Li-jiao, WU Zhi-neng, ZHANG Yin-long. A Summary of Water-level-fluctuating Zone[J]. Ecological Science, 2013, 32(2): 259-264.(in Chinese))
[31] 沈振锋,张开金,夏雪,等.基于文献计量法的三峡库区消落带研究现状及热点分析[J].水生态学杂志,2021,42(1):26-34.(SHEN Zhen-feng, ZHANG Kai-jin, XIA Xue, et al. Bibliometric Analysis of the Current Situation and Hot Research Topics on the Water Level Fluctuation Zone (WLFZ) of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2021, 42(1): 26-34.(in Chinese))
[32] 陈芳清,郭成圆,王传华,等.水淹对秋华柳幼苗生理生态特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1229-1233.(CHEN Fang-qing, GUO Cheng-yuan, WANG Chuan-hua, et al. Effects of Waterlogging on Ecophysiological Characteristics of Salix Variegate Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(6): 1229-1233.(in Chinese))〖[33] 李强, 丁武泉, 朱启红, 等. 水位变化对三峡库区低位狗牙根种群的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(3): 652-656. (LI Qiang, DING Wu-quan, ZHU Qi-hong, et al. Influence of Water Level Fluctuating on Cynodon Dactylon Population of Low Water Level Zone in Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19(3): 652-656.(in Chinese))
[34] 贺燕燕, 王朝英, 袁中勋, 等. 三峡库区消落带不同水淹强度下池杉与落羽杉的光合生理特性[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(8): 2722-2731. (HE Yan-yan, WANG Chao-ying, YUAN Zhong-xun, et al. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Taxodium Ascendens and Taxodium Distichum under Different Submergence in the Hydro-fluctuation Belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(8): 2722-2731.(in Chinese))
[35] 周火明,于江,万丹,等.乌东德库区消落带生态修复植物遴选与配置[J].长江科学院院报,2022,39(2):50-55.(ZHOU Huo-ming, YU Jiang, WAN Dan, et al. Plant Screening and Vegetation Arrangement for Ecological Restoration in Water-level-fluctuating Zone of Wudongde Reservoir[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(2): 50-55.(in Chinese))
[36] 李华翔, 宁立波, 杜博涛, 等. 岩质边坡生态袋覆绿技术适用条件研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(4): 13-18. (LI Hua-xiang, NING Li-bo, DU Bo-tao, et al. Applicable Conditions of Ecological Bags for Rock Slopes Restoration[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 40(4): 13-18.(in Chinese))