长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 40-47.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240576

• 水环境与水生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

河套灌区生态沟与湿地削减农田排水污染物研究

霍轶珍1,2,3(), 曾祥2,4(), 郭富强2,5, 陈辉辉2,6, 胡振2,7, 徐红梅1,2   

  1. 1 河套学院 化学与环境工程系,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
    2 内蒙古自治区河套灌区灌溉排水工程技术研究中心,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
    3 内蒙古阿尔格生命科学有限公司,内蒙古 乌兰察布 011800
    4 长江科学院 农业水利研究所,武汉 430000
    5 内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院, 呼和浩特 010000
    6 中国科学院南京地理湖泊研究所,南京 210008
    7 武汉湖振煜环境有限公司, 武汉 430000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-01 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2024-12-01 发布日期:2024-12-01
  • 通信作者:
    曾 祥(1966-),男,湖北武汉人,正高级工程师,主要从事水环境治理。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    霍轶珍(1966-),女,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,教授,主要从事节水灌溉技术及水环境治理。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2021CG0013); 巴彦淖尔市科技计划项目(K202014); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFHH0088); 内蒙古自治区教育厅研究专项项目(STAQZX202320)

Effect of Ecological Ditch and Wetland in Reducing Farmland Drainage Pollutant in Hetao Irrigation District

HUO Yi-zhen1,2,3(), ZENG Xiang2,4(), GUO Fu-qiang2,5, CHEN Hui-hui2,6, HU Zhen2,7, XU Hong-mei1,2   

  1. 1 Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hetao University, Bayannur 015000,China
    2 Inner Mongolia Research Center on Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Technology in Hetao Irrigation District,Bayannur 015000,China
    3 Inner Mongolia Arge Life Science Co.,Ltd.,Ulanqab 011800,China
    4 AgriculturalWater Conservancy Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430000,China
    5 Collegeof Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, China
    6 Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    7 Wuhan Huzhenyu Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000,China
  • Received:2024-06-01 Revised:2024-07-15 Published:2024-12-01 Online:2024-12-01

摘要:

为探索农田排水污染物治理模式,基于河套灌区生态排水沟-人工湿地系统示范建设项目,于2023年7—9月份开展生态排水沟、人工湿地、生态排水沟-人工湿地组合系统对农田排水污染物拦截净化效果的试验研究,主要测定总氮(TN)浓度、总磷(TP)浓度等水质参数。试验结果表明:不同处理模式的生态排水沟和人工湿地对水体中的氮磷污染物具有一定的去除作用,采用斜茎黄芪、黄花草木犀、紫花苜蓿、生物球基质和生物片基质处理的生态排水沟对TN和TP的消减效率分别为21.09%和23.84%、12.06%和26.67%、20.08%和34.15%、23.65%和20.56%、19.92%和25.83%;挺水植物区对TN和TP的消减效率分别为24.28%和17.89%,沉水植物区对TN和TP的消减效率分别为10.21%,其中紫花苜蓿处理模式与生物球基质处理模式的生态排水沟分别对TP和TN去除效果较好,挺水植物区和沉水植物区分别对TP和TN去除效果较好。生态排水沟-人工湿地组合系统对TN和TP的去除率分别为37.55%和11.47%,能够较好实现对污染物的逐级拦截吸附净化,进而对氮磷污染物具有明显的去除净化效果,有利于减轻农业面源污染。

关键词: 生态排水沟, 人工湿地, 污染物, 净化效果, 河套灌区

Abstract:

To explore the treatment model for farmland drainage pollutants, this study conducted an experimental investigation from July to September 2023 on the interception and purification effects of ecological drainage ditches, constructed wetlands, and their combined system in the Hetao Irrigation District. The findings demonstrate that various treatment modes in ecological drainage ditches and constructed wetlands effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Specifically, the reduction efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in ecological drainage ditches treated with skew stem Astragalus membranaceus, yellow sweet clover, alfalfa, bio-ball matrix, and bio-sheet matrix was 21.09% and 23.84%, 12.06% and 26.67%, 20.08% and 34.15%, 23.65% and 20.56%, and 19.92% and 25.83%, respectively. In the emergent and submerged aquatic plant areas, the reduction efficiency of TN and TP was 24.28% and 17.89%, and 26.85% and 10.21%, respectively. The ecological drainage ditches treated with alfalfa and bio-ball matrix showed superior performance in TP and TN removal, respectively. Similarly, emergent and submerged plant areas exhibited better TP and TN removal efficiencies. The combined system of ecological drainage ditch and constructed wetland achieved TN and TP removal rates of 37.55% and 11.47%, respectively, effectively realizing step-by-step interception, adsorption and purification of pollutants. This system significantly enhances the removal and purification of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, thus mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.

Key words: ecological drainage ditch, constructed wetland, pollutants, purification effect, Hetao Irrigation District

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