河套灌区生态沟与湿地削减农田排水污染物研究

霍轶珍; 曾祥; 郭富强; 陈辉辉; 胡振; 徐红梅

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240576

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12) : 40-47. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240576

水环境与水生态

河套灌区生态沟与湿地削减农田排水污染物研究

霍轶珍 ¹^,²^,³ ,
曾祥 ²^,⁴ ,
郭富强 ²^,⁵ ,
陈辉辉 ²^,⁶ ,
胡振 ²^,⁷ ,
徐红梅 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Effect of Ecological Ditch and Wetland in Reducing Farmland Drainage Pollutant in Hetao Irrigation District

HUO Yi-zhen ¹^,²^,³ ,
ZENG Xiang ²^,⁴ ,
GUO Fu-qiang ²^,⁵ ,
CHEN Hui-hui ²^,⁶ ,
HU Zhen ²^,⁷ ,
XU Hong-mei ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为探索农田排水污染物治理模式,基于河套灌区生态排水沟-人工湿地系统示范建设项目,于2023年7—9月份开展生态排水沟、人工湿地、生态排水沟-人工湿地组合系统对农田排水污染物拦截净化效果的试验研究,主要测定总氮(TN)浓度、总磷(TP)浓度等水质参数。试验结果表明:不同处理模式的生态排水沟和人工湿地对水体中的氮磷污染物具有一定的去除作用,采用斜茎黄芪、黄花草木犀、紫花苜蓿、生物球基质和生物片基质处理的生态排水沟对TN和TP的消减效率分别为21.09%和23.84%、12.06%和26.67%、20.08%和34.15%、23.65%和20.56%、19.92%和25.83%;挺水植物区对TN和TP的消减效率分别为24.28%和17.89%,沉水植物区对TN和TP的消减效率分别为10.21%,其中紫花苜蓿处理模式与生物球基质处理模式的生态排水沟分别对TP和TN去除效果较好,挺水植物区和沉水植物区分别对TP和TN去除效果较好。生态排水沟-人工湿地组合系统对TN和TP的去除率分别为37.55%和11.47%,能够较好实现对污染物的逐级拦截吸附净化,进而对氮磷污染物具有明显的去除净化效果,有利于减轻农业面源污染。

Abstract

To explore the treatment model for farmland drainage pollutants, this study conducted an experimental investigation from July to September 2023 on the interception and purification effects of ecological drainage ditches, constructed wetlands, and their combined system in the Hetao Irrigation District. The findings demonstrate that various treatment modes in ecological drainage ditches and constructed wetlands effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Specifically, the reduction efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in ecological drainage ditches treated with skew stem Astragalus membranaceus, yellow sweet clover, alfalfa, bio-ball matrix, and bio-sheet matrix was 21.09% and 23.84%, 12.06% and 26.67%, 20.08% and 34.15%, 23.65% and 20.56%, and 19.92% and 25.83%, respectively. In the emergent and submerged aquatic plant areas, the reduction efficiency of TN and TP was 24.28% and 17.89%, and 26.85% and 10.21%, respectively. The ecological drainage ditches treated with alfalfa and bio-ball matrix showed superior performance in TP and TN removal, respectively. Similarly, emergent and submerged plant areas exhibited better TP and TN removal efficiencies. The combined system of ecological drainage ditch and constructed wetland achieved TN and TP removal rates of 37.55% and 11.47%, respectively, effectively realizing step-by-step interception, adsorption and purification of pollutants. This system significantly enhances the removal and purification of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, thus mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.

导出引用

霍轶珍, 曾祥, 郭富强, 等. 河套灌区生态沟与湿地削减农田排水污染物研究[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2024, 41(12): 40-47 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240576

HUO Yi-zhen, ZENG Xiang, GUO Fu-qiang, et al. Effect of Ecological Ditch and Wetland in Reducing Farmland Drainage Pollutant in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute. 2024, 41(12): 40-47 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240576

中图分类号： X52 (水体污染及其防治)

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摘要

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According to the production method of plant-based porous concrete, seven kinds of modular constructed wetland substrates with different substrate volume ratios were fabricated, using the alkali, Mg2+ and Zn2+ composite modified zeolite, limestone and diatomite as aggregates. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance were compared through the static adsorption experiments. Three modular substrates were selected for the isothermal and kinetic adsorption experiments, aiming to study the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The results showed that the modular substrate with a single modified zeolite as the substrate has the best performance for NH4+-N removal, and its theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 45.79 mg/g. The modular substrate fabricated by three modified substrates with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 has the best effect on the removal of PO43--P, and its theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is 11.52 mg/g. The quasi second-order adsorption kinetics model can better fit the adsorption kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the three modular substrates, and the adsorption rates of nitrogen and phosphorus are controlled by chemisorption rates.

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