关键词: 深埋隧洞, 岩爆防控, TBM法, 钻爆法, 锚杆

Abstract: The classification, mechanism, evaluation, prediction methods and prevention principles of rockburst are briefly introduced first. On this basis, active and passive prevention and control techniques for rockburst during deep tunnel construction are summarized. In particular, the mechanism, application scope and prevention effects of such measures are highlighted. The differences of rockburst characteristics between drilling and blasting (D&B) method and tunnel boring machine (TBM) method are analyzed, and the applications of rockburst prevention techniques in typical projects are investigated. Such projects include the diversion tunnel of Jinping II hydropower station, the Qinling tunnel of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project, the diversion tunnel of Neelum-Jhelum (N-J) hydroelectric project in Pakistan and Xianglushan tunnel of the diversion project in Central Yunnan. 1) Active rockburst prevention techniques include borehole stress release, advanced stress relief blasting, pilot tunnels, high-pressure water injection, advanced anchor bolts and pre-stressed anchor bolts; passive prevention techniques include shotcrete-bolt support, steel support and reinforcement mesh (flexible steel wire mesh). 2) Timely closed support and active measures against strong-extremely-strong rockburst are the key points of preventing rockburst induced by D&B method and TBM method, respectively. 3) At present, active and passive measures are combined for the rockburst prevention of large hydraulic tunnels. For active prevention, advance stress release is the dominant measure, while for passive prevention, shotcrete-bolt-mesh combined with steel support is adopted together with the use of fast flexible support. 4) Dynamic prevention, precise quantitative prevention, and more efficient advanced stress release technology and flexible energy absorption support system are research directions in future.

Key words: deep tunnel, rockburst prevention, TBM, drilling and blasting, bolt