针对隧洞穿越高压富水断层涌水突泥破坏性强、可灌性差的难题,以滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞过大栗树断裂次级断层涌水突泥灾害治理为例,通过分析隧洞涌水突泥洞段的地质特征、灾害过程与成因,提出了超前钻探、超前灌浆、超前泄压、超前支护组合处置对策。针对隧洞下半断面围岩碎粉含量高、阻止浆液扩散导致注浆效果不佳的问题,提出了置换式注浆加固技术,即注浆孔分A孔、B孔,通过A孔注浆,B孔泄压并冲出岩粉的方式进行注浆,以利于岩粉排出和浆液扩散,成功解决了香炉山隧洞DLI3+681.5涌水突泥灾害治理技术难题。研究成果对类似地质条件下隧洞涌水突泥灾害治理提供参考。

Water and mud inrush in tunnels crossing high-pressure water-rich faults is highly destructive with low groutability. To address this challenge, we examined the geological characteristics, disaster processes, and causes associated with water and mud inrush in the Xianglushan Tunnel of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project as a case study. We propose a combined management strategy consisting of drilling, grouting, pressure relief, and support all in advance. To tackle the high content of fine powder in the surrounding rock of the tunnel’s lower half section, which impedes the diffusion of grouting slurry, we introduce a replacement grouting reinforcement technique. This technique involves dividing the grouting holes into top holes and back (or horizontal) holes. Grout is injected through the top holes, while pressure is released through the back or horizontal holes to flush out rock powder. This approach facilitates the removal of rock powder and improves slurry diffusion. Our method successfully resolves the water and mud inrush disaster in DLI3+681.5 section of Xianglushan Tunnel. The research findings offer valuable insights for managing water and mud inrush disasters in tunnels with similar geological conditions.