长江科学院院报 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 57-62.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20160943

• 防洪减灾 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于流量-面积比值的小流域设计洪水计算方法对比研究

幸新涪1, 周火明1, 秦维2, 谭昭娣2, 卢宇2, 张乾柱1, 卢阳1   

  1. 1.长江科学院 重庆分院,重庆 400026;
    2.武汉长江科创科技发展有限公司 重庆分公司,重庆 400026
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-13 出版日期:2018-01-01 发布日期:2018-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 卢 阳(1982-),男,湖北汉川人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为山地灾害形成机理与防治技术。E-mail:crsrily@163.com
  • 作者简介:幸新涪(1992-),男,重庆万州人,助理工程师,硕士,研究方向为山洪灾害与防治。E-mail:xing_xinfu1992@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(CKSF2016034/CQ)

Comparison of Calculation Methods for Design Flood ofSmall Catchments Based on Flow-Area Ratio

XING Xin-fu1, ZHOU Huo-ming1, QIN Wei2, TAN Zhao-di2, LU Yu2, ZHANG Qian-zhu1, LU Yang1   

  1. 1.Chongqing Branch, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Chongqing 400026, China;
    2.ChongqingBranch of Wuhan Changjiang Kechuang Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400026, China
  • Received:2016-09-13 Online:2018-01-01 Published:2018-01-11

摘要: 为确定分布式模型法、地区瞬时单位线法及推理公式法在估算山区小流域设计洪水过程中的适用性,基于洪峰流量-流域面积比值,以重庆市綦江区蒲河水系为研究对象,采用3种方法分别进行设计洪水计算,并与重庆市实测100 a一遇洪峰流量进行对比。结果表明:①当流域面积<10 km2时,采用推理公式法更合理可靠;此时河道坡度较大,流域的产、汇流条件符合推理公式法假定条件,计算结果符合实际。②当流域面积为10~100 km2时,分布式模型法与地区瞬时单位线法均可合理计算设计洪水,但前者计算结果比后者更接近实测值。此类流域河道长、坡度平缓,流域的水动力在空间中可视为均匀的扩散;计算格栅单元间连续性强,各栅格向流域出口演算能合理反映真实的设计洪水过程。③当流域面积>100 km2时,3种方法计算结果与实测值均有不同程度的偏离,但分布式模型法偏离程度最低,可作为设计洪水计算的首选方法。研究结果将有助于合理选择设计洪水计算方法,为类似山区小流域设计洪水计算提供参考。

关键词: 山洪灾害, 设计洪水, 分布式模型法, 地区瞬时单位线法, 推理公式法

Abstract: The design flood in a mountainous small catchment was calculated by using distributed model, regional instantaneous unit hydrograph, and deducted formula respectively based on the ratio of peak discharge to catchment area, and the calculated results were further compared with the measured peak discharge of 100-year flood to determine the applicability of the above-mentioned three methods. Puhe river system in Qijiang, Chongqing was selected as a case study. Conclusions are drawn as follows 1) deducted formula is more accurate and reliable for catchment with an area smaller than 10 km2 as steep river slope makes the runoff yield and concentration condition consistent with the assumption of the deducted formula; 2) distributed model and regional instantaneous unit hydrograph are both applicable to catchment with an area between 10-100 km2, with the result of the former closer to measured result; in such catchment of long channel and gentle slope, the hydrodynamic dispersion can be regarded as uniform diffusion in space, and the computation grid units are strongly continuous, well reflecting the real design flood process; 3) distributed model is recommended as the preferred method when catchment area is larger than 100 km2, as it deviates to the smallest extent to the measured value among the three methods. The conclusions will be helpful to the selection of a reasonable calculation method.

Key words: mountain flood disaster, design flood, distributed model, regional instantaneous unit hydrograph, deducted formula

中图分类号: