巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异特征

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230379

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 70-78.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230379

巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异特征

王诗琪(), 周振宏()

安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥 230036

收稿日期:2023-04-12 修回日期:2023-06-27 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20
通讯作者: 周振宏
作者简介:
王诗琪(1998-),女,安徽合肥人,硕士研究生,主要从事地形位梯度、景观格局和生态风险方面的研究。E-mail:wsq2972302208@163.com

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Landscape Patterns and Ecological Risks in the Chaohu Lake Watershed

WANG Shi-qi(), ZHOU Zhen-hong()

School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

Received:2023-04-12 Revised:2023-06-27 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-20
Contact: ZHOU Zhen-hong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于地形位梯度深入探究巢湖流域景观生态风险的分布特征,对于制定小流域生态风险规避措施和未来发展策略具有重要意义。采用景观格局指数和生态风险指数来展示研究区内景观格局和生态风险的演变机理,利用地形位指数和分布指数强化地貌描述,开展巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异研究。结果表明:巢湖流域以低等级地形为主;在低、中低等级地形区内,人类活动干扰逐步增强,景观不规则程度加深;较低风险等级区对于高等级梯度空间具有更强的适应性,而高风险区域更多地分布于低等级地形位;景观生态风险等级变化中,以稳定型为绝对主导分布。巢湖流域在未来规划中要因地施策,注重水生态环境改善,严守生态红线,并防止过度扩张破坏生态。

关键词: 景观格局, 景观生态风险, 地形梯度效应, 地学信息图谱, 时空分异特征, 巢湖流域

Abstract:

Investigating the distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the Chaohu Lake watershed based on topographic gradients is crucial for formulating ecological risk avoidance measures and future development strategies in small watersheds. In this study, the landscape pattern index and ecological risk index were employed to illustrate the evolution mechanism of landscape patterns and ecological risks in the Chaohu Lake watershed. The topographic position index and distribution index were adopted to enhance geomorphological descriptions, facilitating the exploration of spatial and temporal variations in landscape patterns and ecological risks within the watershed. Findings reveal that the Chaohu Lake watershed is dominated by low-grade terrain. Within low- and medium-low-grade terrain areas, human activity distribution gradually intensifies, leading to landscape irregularity. Areas with lower risk grades exhibit greater adaptability to in high-gradient spaces, whereas high-risk areas are predominantly situated in low-grade terrain. Stable change is the overwhelmingly primary change pattern of landscape ecological risk grades. Future planning for the Chaohu Lake watershed requires tailored measures to improve water ecological environments, strictly adhere to ecological redlines, and prevent excessive expansion that could jeopardize ecological integrity.

Key words: landscape pattern, landscape ecological risk, topographic gradient effect, geo-information mapping, spatial and temporal variation characteristics, Chaohu watershed

中图分类号:

王诗琪, 周振宏. 巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异特征[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(9): 70-78.

WANG Shi-qi, ZHOU Zhen-hong. Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Landscape Patterns and Ecological Risks in the Chaohu Lake Watershed[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(9): 70-78.

图/表 10

图1 巢湖流域空间位置示意图

Fig.1 Location of the Chaohu Lake watershed

表1 巢湖流域地形分级及其面积占比

Table 1 Topographic grades of Chaohu Lake watershed and their area proportions

地形位梯度	地形位指数等级	分级区间	面积/km²	面积占比/ %
	1	<0.15	2 003.469 4	14.69
低	2	[0.15, 0.30)	3 635.503 8	26.65
	3	[0.30, 0.44)	2 974.301 7	21.80
	4	[0.44,0.60)	2 060.433 8	15.10
中低	5	[0.60,0.80)	915.041 2	6.71
	6	[0.80,1.04)	571.418 8	4.19
	7	[1.04,1.27)	509.032 8	3.73
中高	8	[1.27, 1.49)	457.387 5	3.35
	9	[1.49,1.74)	339.921 3	2.49
高	10	≥1.74	175.630 3	1.29

图2 不同景观类型随地形位梯度变化的分布指数

Fig.2 Distribution index of different landscape types as a function of topographic gradient

图3 巢湖流域景观格局指数随地形位梯度变化情况

Fig.3 Changes in landscape pattern index with topographic gradient in Chaohu Lake watershed

图4 巢湖流域景观生态风险等级分布

Fig.4 Distribution of landscape ecological risk levels in the Chaohu Lake watershed

表2 巢湖流域景观生态风险等级面积变化

Table 2 Changes in the areas of different landscape ecological risk levels in the Chaohu Lake watershed

景观生态风险等级	面积/km²			面积占比/%			变化面积/km²
景观生态风险等级	2000年	2010年	2020年	2000年	2010年	2020年	2000—2010年	2010—2020年	2000—2020年
低	52.99	155.49	474.58	0.39	1.14	3.48	0.75	2.34	3.09
较低	1 269.86	1 503.39	1 556.24	9.31	11.02	11.41	1.71	0.39	2.10
中等	1 837.88	2 259.31	2 293.29	13.47	16.56	16.81	3.09	0.25	3.34
较高	8 727.10	8 006.23	7 674.16	63.97	58.69	56.25	-5.28	-2.43	-7.72
高	1 754.71	1 718.11	1 644.26	12.86	12.59	12.05	-0.27	-0.54	-0.81

图5 巢湖流域景观生态风险聚类分布特征

Fig.5 Clustering distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risk in the Chaohu Lake watershed

图6 不同景观生态风险等级随地形位梯度变化的分布指数

Fig.6 Distribution indices of different landscape ecological risk levels as a function of topographic gradient

图7 巢湖流域景观生态风险等级变化图谱

Fig.7 Changes of landscape ecological risk levels in the Chaohu Lake watershed

图8 景观生态风险变化类型在不同地形位梯度上的分布指数

Fig.8 Distribution indices of landscape ecological risk change pattern as a function of topographic gradient

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巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异特征

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Landscape Patterns and Ecological Risks in the Chaohu Lake Watershed

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