基于地形位梯度深入探究巢湖流域景观生态风险的分布特征,对于制定小流域生态风险规避措施和未来发展策略具有重要意义。采用景观格局指数和生态风险指数来展示研究区内景观格局和生态风险的演变机理,利用地形位指数和分布指数强化地貌描述,开展巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异研究。结果表明:巢湖流域以低等级地形为主;在低、中低等级地形区内,人类活动干扰逐步增强,景观不规则程度加深;较低风险等级区对于高等级梯度空间具有更强的适应性,而高风险区域更多地分布于低等级地形位;景观生态风险等级变化中,以稳定型为绝对主导分布。巢湖流域在未来规划中要因地施策,注重水生态环境改善,严守生态红线,并防止过度扩张破坏生态。

Investigating the distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the Chaohu Lake watershed based on topographic gradients is crucial for formulating ecological risk avoidance measures and future development strategies in small watersheds. In this study, the landscape pattern index and ecological risk index were employed to illustrate the evolution mechanism of landscape patterns and ecological risks in the Chaohu Lake watershed. The topographic position index and distribution index were adopted to enhance geomorphological descriptions, facilitating the exploration of spatial and temporal variations in landscape patterns and ecological risks within the watershed. Findings reveal that the Chaohu Lake watershed is dominated by low-grade terrain. Within low- and medium-low-grade terrain areas, human activity distribution gradually intensifies, leading to landscape irregularity. Areas with lower risk grades exhibit greater adaptability to in high-gradient spaces, whereas high-risk areas are predominantly situated in low-grade terrain. Stable change is the overwhelmingly primary change pattern of landscape ecological risk grades. Future planning for the Chaohu Lake watershed requires tailored measures to improve water ecological environments, strictly adhere to ecological redlines, and prevent excessive expansion that could jeopardize ecological integrity.