长江口深水航道治理和维护的核心问题为泥沙问题。对长江口深水航道 7 个浮标所在海域进行了不同浓度含沙水体的反射光谱测量，并且结合“长江口深水航道水文、泥沙、波浪自动遥测系统”遥测数据和野外现场取样数据，对其光谱特性进行了分析，发现这些海域悬浮泥沙的敏感波段在 730 ～ 930 nm 之间，并且 731 nm 附近的一阶微分与悬浮泥沙浓度相关性较好。在对其光谱特性进行分析的基础上，分别建立了悬浮泥沙光谱反射率、光谱反射率均值和反射率一阶微分的指数反演模型和二次反演模型，结果显示 900 nm 波长的指数模型可以较准确地定量反演出悬浮泥沙浓度。

 The key problem for maintenance and regulation of Yangtze River estuary deepwater channel is the sediment. The paper has measured the reflected spectrums of different suspended sediment concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary deepwater channel sea area where has 7 buoys, and analyzed their spectrum characteristics, in combination with the telemetry data of “ hydrology, sediment and wave automatic telemetry system in the Yangtze River estuary deepwater channel ” and the field survey data. We found that the suspended sediment sensitive band is in 730-930 nm, and the first-order derivative at 731 nm nearby has better correlation with suspended sediment concentration. The suspended sediment exponent model and quadratic inversion model solving spectrum reflectance, spectrum reflectance mean value and reflectance first-order derivative are established respectively, based on the analysis of spectrum characteristics. The results showed that the 900 nm wavelength exponent model can accurately quantitatively inverse the suspended sediment concentrations.