长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 42-49.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20231177

• 水资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

澜沧江上游积雪演变规律及融雪径流模拟

张居嘉1,2(), 杨明祥1,2(), 王贺佳1,2, 张利敏3, 李红刚4, 管镇4, 董宁澎1,2   

  1. 1 中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源研究所,北京 100038
    2 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京 100038
    3 北京工业大学 材料与制造学部,北京 100124
    4 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司集控中心,昆明 650214
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-30 修回日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2025-03-01 发布日期:2025-03-01
  • 通信作者:
    杨明祥(1986-),男,河南新乡人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事水文水资源研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张居嘉(1995-),女,山东泰安人,博士研究生,主要从事水文水资源研究。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-HF241); 中国电力建设股份有限公司科技项目(DJ-HXGG-2021-04); 云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AA080010)

Evolution Trend of Snow Cover and Simulation of Snowmelt Runoff in Upper Reaches of Lancang River

ZHANG Ju-jia1,2(), YANG Ming-xiang1,2(), WANG He-jia1,2, ZHANG Li-min3, LI Hong-gang4, GUAN Zhen4, DONG Ning-peng1,2   

  1. 1 Water Resources Department,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China
    3 Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124, China
    4 Cascade Control Center, Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co., Ltd.,Kunming 650214, China
  • Received:2023-10-30 Revised:2024-01-30 Published:2025-03-01 Online:2025-03-01

摘要:

融雪水是澜沧江流域春季径流的重要组成部分,掌握澜沧江上游积雪变化规律,准确模拟融雪径流过程,对澜沧江流域梯级水电站水资源科学调度具有重要意义。基于2000—2019年卫星遥感积雪覆盖率数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了澜沧江上游积雪覆盖率的时空变化规律,构建了融雪径流模型(SRM),模拟了澜沧江上游2008—2018年融雪期径流过程,并基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法开展了参数率定。结果表明:①澜沧江上游积雪覆盖率在春季、秋季、冬季呈不显著增大趋势,在夏季呈不显著减小趋势,春、夏、秋、冬四季多年平均积雪覆盖率分别为0.16、0.06、0.13、0.17。②澜沧江源区西南和北部沿界狭长区域积雪覆盖率在四季均呈增大趋势,东南区域积雪覆盖率呈减小趋势;其中,西北部区域积雪覆盖率增幅在冬季达到最大,可达3%/a。③SRM在澜沧江上游具有较好的适用性,1—5月份率定期和验证期确定性系数分别为0.87和0.78。研究结果对高寒区融雪径流模拟研究具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 澜沧江上游, 积雪覆盖率, Mann-Kendall趋势检验法, 融雪径流模型, 趋势分析, 融雪径流模拟

Abstract:

Snowmelt water is a significant component of spring runoff in the Lancang River basin, making it crucial to understand the variation of snow cover in the upper reaches of the Lancang River and accurately simulate snowmelt runoff processes for the scientific scheduling of water resources for cascade hydropower stations. Using remotely sensed snow cover data from 2000 to 2019, we applied the Mann-Kendall trend test to analyze the spatio-temporal variations of snow cover in the upper Lancang River basin and established a snowmelt runoff model (SRM) to simulate the snowmelt runoff process in 2018 and calibrated the model parameters using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results indicate that 1) Snow cover in the upper reaches of the Lancang River exhibited insignificant upward trend in spring, autumn, and winter, but an insignificant decline in summer. The average annual snow cover for spring, summer, autumn, and winter was 0.16, 0.06, 0.13, and 0.17, respectively. 2) Snow cover increased in the southwest and north of the Lancang River source area across all seasons, but decreased in the southeast. The northwest region experienced the largest increase in winter, reaching 3% per year. 3) The SRM demonstrated good applicability in the upper Lancang River basin, with coefficient of determination values reaching 0.87 and 0.78 for the calibration and verification periods, respectively, from January to May. These findings provide valuable insights for simulating snowmelt runoff in alpine regions.

Key words: upper reaches of Lancang River, snow coverage, Mann-Kendall trend test, Snowmelt Runoff Model, trend analysis, snowmelt runoff simulation

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